Examinando por Autor "Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel"

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Comprehensive spatial mapping of metals and metalloids in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using advanced geospatial data Integration
(Elsevier, 2024-12-12) Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Pricope , Narcisa G.; Vera Vilchez, Jesús Emilio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia
The quality and safety of soil are crucial for ensuring social and economic development and providing contaminant-free food. The availability and quality of soil data, particularly for multiple metals and metalloids, are often insufficient for comprehensive analysis. Soil formation and the distribution of metals are shaped by various factors such as geology, climate, topography, and human activities, making accurate modeling highly challenging. Additionally, agricultural intensification, urban expansion, road construction, and mining activities frequently result in soil pollution, posing serious risks to ecosystems and human health. This study aims to integrate diverse geospatial datasets with machine learning for high resolution soil contamination mapping (10 m spatial resolution) in a major agricultural region of Peruvian highlands. This study mapped 25 elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Be, K, Na, As, Sb, Se, Tl, Cd, Zn, Al, Pb, Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, Fe, Co, Mn, V) in the Peruvian Mantaro Valley using a training dataset of 109 topsoil samples combined with various geospatial datasets (remote sensing, climate, topography, soil data, and distance). The model provided satisfactory results in predicting the spatial distribution of the selected elements, with R² values ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 for most elements. Edaphic, climate, and topographic covariates were the most significant predictors, particularly for croplands near rivers, whereas spectral variables were less important. The results reveal As, Pb, and Cd concentrations significantly above permissible limits, highlighting urgent health risks. These findings suggest that it is feasible to identify polluted soils and improve regulations based on widely available geospatial datasets with minimal training data. The study contributes to the development of models to assess the impact of pollutants on environmental and human health in the short-to-medium term, emphasizing the need for further research on the translocation of toxic metals into food crops and the implications for public health.
Guinea Pig Manure and Mineral Fertilizers Enhance the Yield and Nutritional Quality of the INIA 619 Maize Variety on the Peruvian Coast
(Preprints.org, 2025-02-28) Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Borbor Ponce, Miryam; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Sustainable fertilization using local resources like manure is crucial for soil health. This study evaluated the potential of guinea pig manure to replace mineral fertilizers in hard yellow maize (hybrid INIA 619) under Peruvian coastal conditions. A split-plot design tested four doses of guinea pig manure (0, 2, 5, 10 t ha-1) and four levels of mineral fertilization (0%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The study assessed plant height, ear characteristics, yield, and nutritional quality parameters. The results indicated that 100% mineral fertilization led to the highest plant height (229.67 cm) and grain weight (141.8 g). Yields of 9.19 and 9.08 t ha-1 were achieved with 5 and 10 t ha-1 of manure, while 50% mineral fertilization gave 8.8 t ha-1, similar to the full dose (8.7 t ha-1). Protein content was highest with 10 t ha-1 of manure combined with mineral fertilization. However, no significant differences were found between the 50%, 75%, and 100% mineral fertilizer doses. In conclusion, applying guinea pig manure improved nutrient use efficiency, yield, and grain protein quality in maize, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by up to 50%. This provides a sustainable fertilization strategy for agricultural systems.
Synergy Between Microbial Inoculants and Mineral Fertilization to Enhance the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Maize on the Peruvian Coast
(MDPI, 2024-12-21) López Montañez, Ruth; Calero Rios, Emilee Nahomi; Quispe Matos , Kenyi Rolando; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; La Torre , Braulio; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Hard yellow maize is a crucial crop in Peruvian agriculture that plays a significant role in food security and livestock production. However, intensive fertilization practices in agronomic management have negatively impacted soil health. To explore more sustainable agricultural technologies, researchers investigated solutions using microorganisms to enhance plant growth. This study assessed the synergistic effects of microbial inoculants and mineral fertilization on INIA 619 and Dekal B-7088 maize varieties' yield and nutritional quality. A split-plot design was employed, incorporating four inoculation treatments—no inoculant, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, and Pseudomonas putida—combined with fertilization levels of 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The findings revealed that Bacillus subtilis boosted yields by 13.1% in INIA 619 and 55.5% in Dekal B-7088. Additionally, combined with 100% fertilization, microbial inoculation increased protein content by 47% and carbohydrates by 6% in INIA 619 while maintaining nutritional quality with 75% fertilization. Similarly, in Dekal B-7088, inoculation with total fertilization enhanced protein content by 54% and fiber by 27%. These results demonstrated that microbial inoculation could reduce mineral fertilization by up to 25% while sustaining high yields and improving the nutritional quality of maize.