Examinando por Autor "Sanchez, Diana"

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Effects of Diet and Altitude on the Microbiota of the First Compartment of the Stomach in Peruvian Alpacas in Highland Puna Regions and Their Correlations with Blood Parameters
(MDPI, 2026-01-08) Flores Huarco, Nils H.; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Coila, Pedro; Sanchez, Diana; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Alvarado, Wigoberto C.; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Aliaga, Mery; Galindo, Walter; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Apaza, Henry; Arbizu, Carlos I.
This study explores the intestinal microbiota of eight 18-month-old male alpacas from two distinct high-altitude regions in Peru: the Wet Puna (4200 m above sea level) and the Dry Puna (4900 m above sea level). Using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA metabarcoding, microbial communities of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists were analyzed from the first compartment of the stomach (C1) to investigate the diversity, taxonomic composition, and correlations with hematological parameters. Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed between regions, driven by dietary and environmental factors. The Wet Puna exhibited greater alpha diversity in bacterial and fungal communities, while beta diversity highlighted distinct microbial compositions. Key taxa, such as Prevotella ruminicola and Acetitomaculum, were associated with energy metabolism and host adaptation, whereas methanogenic archaea (Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera) dominated in the Dry Puna, reflecting adaptations to arid conditions. Correlations between microbial taxa and hematological variables, such as Acetitomaculum with red blood cell count and Eremoplastron with neutrophil percentage, emphasize the complex interplay between microbiota and host physiology. These findings contribute to understanding microbial adaptations in high-altitude livestock and provide practical insights for enhancing alpaca management and conservation strategies through tailored nutritional approaches and sustainable grazing practices.
Parasitism-induced changes in microbial eukaryotes of Peruvian alpaca gastrointestinal tract
(MDPI, 2024-01-27) Sanchez, Diana; Zapata Coacalla, Celso; Romero Avila, Yolanda; Flores Huarco, Nils Herber; Oros, Oscar; Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Guevara Alvarado, Hada María; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Coila Añasco, Pedro Ubaldo
Alpacas, important genetic resources in the Andean region of Peru, are vulnerable to diarrhea caused by pathogenic parasites such as Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp., which can be fatal, especially in neonates, due to their physiological immaturity and limited adaptability. The study investigated the diversity and abundance of intestinal fungi and protists in alpacas infected with Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp. compared to healthy alpacas. A total of 19 alpacas, aged between one and two months, were included. They were divided into two groups, one with pathological conditions (nine) and the other healthy (ten). Parasitological analyses for the detection of parasites and subsequent molecular analysis were performed on the collected fecal samples. The results revealed a greater diversity and abundance of protists in infected alpacas in comparison with healthy alpacas, while the fungal composition did not show significant changes. Therefore, parasitic infections affect the protist component of the alpaca gut microbiota. Also, it was observed that Blastocystis was identified in all healthy alpacas, serving as a possible marker of the health of the intestinal microbiota; in addition, Prussia and Pichia are beneficial fungi that help control diseases. This groundbreaking study in neonatal alpacas is the first to explore potential changes in the intestinal microbiota during an infectious state, underscoring the importance of further research to comprehend its effects on alpaca health and immune responses.