Examinando por Autor "Yalta Vela, Juan"

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Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024-06-18) Yalta Vela, Juan; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pruning height (PH) and organic fertilization dose (FD) on the morphology and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. We germinated seeds collected from 10-year-old shrubs, and 2-month-old seedlings were transplanted in the final field. We used a two-factor design of PH (PH1:0.4, PH2:0.8, and PH3:1.2m from the ground) and FD (FD0:0, FD1:500, FD2:750, and FD3:1,000 g of decomposing goat manure). We carried out an initial pruning 4 months after transplanting and the harvests every 45 days. After three consecutive harvests, PH3 improved N° branches (12.53 ± 3.09) and dry matter (21.98 ± 1.30%), but PH1 showed greater stem lengths (1.65 ± 0.24 m) (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the stems and leaf weights between PH2 and PH3, and no trait varied according to FD (p > 0.05). The PH × FD interaction can improve the plant diameter (p < 0.01) and dry matter (p < 0.05) with PH2 (56.79 ± 3.71 mm) and PH3 (23.20 ± 1.04%) from FD1. We found an increasing trend in N° branches, plant diameter (p < 0.01), and the leaf–stem ratio. However, in the third harvest, the biomass production trend was downward for a short period for an adequate replacement of nutrients from the incorporated organic fertilizer. It is recommended to prune M. oleifera at 1.2m from the ground to stimulate greater biomass and maintain the leaf–stem ratio throughout the evaluated harvests and apply more than 500 g of goat manure after each harvest to restore the nutrients extracted from the soil.
Huella hídrica de la producción lechera en la cuenca ganadera Pomacochas, Perú
(Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria, 2021-10-01) Yalta Vela, Juan; Ríos, Ney; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldinne; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
La producción de leche exige grandes cantidades de agua y tierra, la creciente escasez de agua amenaza la sostenibilidad de la producción ganadera. El objetivo del estudio fue calcular la huella hídrica para la producción de un litro de leche en sistemas de producción ganadera ubicados en el distrito de Florida, Amazonas. Para ello, se seleccionaron 30 fincas lecheras con base en el área de finca, sistema de pastoreo, número de vacas en producción y producción de leche, obteniendo tres estratos de 10 fincas cada uno. En cada estrato se determinó el consumo directo de agua como huella hídrica de bebida, el consumo indirecto de agua como huella hídrica de alimentación, el uso de agua expresado como huella hídrica de servicios a partir de la descripción y cuantificación de las diferentes actividades que utilizan agua en la fase de producción de leche y la huella hídrica para producir un litro de leche. Para el procesamiento de datos se utilizó el software R v. 4.0.4. Los resultados muestran que la huella hídrica para la producción de un litro de leche es de 1823,38 litros de agua en el estrato I (extensivo), 736,80 litros en el estrato II (estaca) y 937,61 litros en el estrato III (cerco eléctrico o controlado). El estudio contribuyó con la producción de datos que todavía son insuficientes acerca del uso y consumo del agua en el sistema de producción de la leche, además pone de manifiesto la necesidad de instaurar alternativas para el aprovechamiento y reutilización del recurso hídrico.
Impact of the Association of Maize with Native Beans on the Morphological Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Composition of Forage Intended for Silage in the Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-10-22) Vásquez, Héctor V.; Reyna, Manuel; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Bobadilla, Leidy G.; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Zagaceta Llanca, Luis Homero; Yalta Vela, Juan; Isla Pérez, José Manuel; Paucar, Ysai; Altamirano Tantalean, Miguel A.; Valqui, Leandro
Scenarios of climate change, extensive land use, soil degradation, the loss of native forest cover due to monoculture expansion, and pasture scarcity pose new challenges to livestock farming worldwide. Associated crops emerge as an alternative to mitigate these factors; however, selecting compatible species that do not generate competition and optimize the attributes of the forage is a necessity. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of a maize and bean association, and cutting time on the morphological variables, yield, and nutritional composition of forage. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 3A × 3C factorial arrangement and three blocks was used. Factor A (associations) had three levels: INIA-604-Morocho maize monoculture (M), M+PER1003544 chaucha bean association (M+F1), and M+PER1003551 chaucha bean association (M+F2). Factor C (maize cutting stage) had three levels: R2 (blister grain), R3 (milky grain), and R4 (pasty grain). A total of 27 experimental units were established. No silage was made; the nutritional quality was evaluated as the raw material for silage. The treatments modulated key attributes for silage. In R4, the M+F2 association (INIA-604-Morocho + PER1003551) showed a higher percentage of dry matter in the system (32.36%) and better mixture quality due to a lower NDF and ADF (48.22% and 23.29%) and higher digestibility and protein values (62.10% and 9.53%). In addition, dry matter yields increased compared with R2 in M+F1 (134.16%), M+F2 (90.56%), and M (138.48%). Although R3 maximized green forage, R4 offered the best combination of quantity and quality for silage (as raw material), reducing the risk of deterioration and improving forage use efficiency. In general, combining maize with beans and adjusting the cut to R4 optimizes the production and quality of the raw material for silage, with the criterion that these findings pertain to pre-ensiled material and should be validated in future studies.