Examinando por Materia "Agroforestry"

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A review of silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon region
(2022-05-31) Fuentes, Eduardo; Gómez, Carlos; Pizarro, Dante; Alegre, Julio; Castillo, Miguel; Vela, Jorge; Huaman, Ethel; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
Livestock in the Peruvian Amazon region is mostly produced in areas considered degraded pasturelands and associated with deforestation. Silvopastoral systems (SPS) are an alternative for sustainable livestock production. This article aims to provide information about progress in the development of SPS in the Peruvian Amazon region during the last 2 decades and opportunities to develop it further at the national level. The geographical characteristics and climatic conditions of the Peruvian Amazon are described, followed by a review of the experiences with SPS in the 5 most relevant departments of the region. Constraints for implementation of SPS practices in the country and the current initiatives at regional and national level to promote and develop more sustainable livestock production in the region are presented. There is a large variation in SPS practiced along the different departments of the Amazon region. It is imperative that the Peruvian Government continues promoting SPS for recovering degraded lands through generating enabling conditions for farmers to adopt and/or scale up SPS.
Acaulospora flava, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from Coffea arabica and Plukenetia volubilis plantations at the sources of the Amazon river in Peru
(Julius Kühn-Institut, 2021-08-06) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; De la Sota Ricaldi, Ana María; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Santos, Viviane Monique; Da Silva, Glandstone Alves; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Acaulospora flava, was found in coffee (Coffea arabica) and inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) plantations in the Amazonia region of San Martín State in Peru. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures on Sorghum vulgare, Brachiaria brizantha and Medicago sativa as host plants. It differentiates typical acaulosporoid spores laterally on sporiferous saccule necks. The spores are light yellow, bright yellow to yellow brown, (95-)105-160 × (95-)100-150 μm in diameter and have smooth spore surfaces. Phylogenetically, A. flava clusters in a well-separated clade, nearest to A. kentinensis, followed by A. herrerae, A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera, of which remarkably A. spinosissima, A. excavata and A. aspera had also been found in inka nut plantations of San Martín State during the last years. Here, we report also A. herrerae and A. fragilissima as fungal symbionts within the rhizosphere of coffee and the inka nut. The later two fungi had so far been recorded by concomitant morphological and molecular analyses only from tropical islands, A. herrerae from Cuba in the Golf of Mexico and A. fragilissima from New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean close to Australia. In this study, the ITS region of A. herrerae was analyzed for the first time and deposited in the public databases. In total, we already recovered fourteen Acaulospora species from coffee and inka nut plantations in San Martín State of Peru, suggesting that Acaulospora species are frequent and beneficial symbionts in coffee and inka nut roots in San Martín State of Peru.
Carbon stocks in coffee farms and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest
(Research square, 2023-09-15) Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Ordoñez, Luis; Vallejos Torres, Andi; Mendoza Caballero, Wilfredo; Arévalo, Luis A.; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Macedo, Wilder; Reategui, Keneth; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Marín, César
Secondary forests and coffee cultivation systems with shade trees might have great potential for carbon sequestration as a means of climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study aimed to measure carbon stocks in coffee plantations under different managements and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (San Martín Region). The carbon stock in secondary forest trees was estimated using allometric equations, while carbon stocks in soil, herbaceous biomass, and leaf litter were determined through sampling and laboratory analysis. The biomass carbon stock in secondary forests was 132.2 t/ha, while in coffee plantations with Inga sp. shade trees it was 118.2 t/ha. Carbon stocks were 76.5 t/ha in coffee with polyculture farming, and the lowest amount of carbon was found in coffee without shade trees (31.1 t/ha). The carbon sequestered by coffee plants in all agroforestry systems examined had an average of 2.65 t/ha, corresponding to 4.63 % of the total carbon sequestered, being the highest stored in the coffee system with Inga sp. shade trees. A higher content of glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) was found in coffee without shade trees, with 18.5 mg/g. This is evidence that Inga sp. is the most compatible model of shade system for coffee farms. We recommend the conservation of secondary forests due to the greater biomass and carbon storage, and establishing coffee plantations with Inga sp. shade trees for its integral benefits, such as climate change mitigation.
Change of vegetation cover and land use of the Pómac forest historical sanctuary in northern Peru
(Springer Nature, 2024-04-06) Vera Díaz, Elvis; Camila Leandra, Cruz Grimaldo; Barboza Castillo, Elgar; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Canta Ventura, Jorge Marino; Salazar Hinostroza, Evelin Judith; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
The dry forests of northern Peru, in the regions of Piura, Tumbes, Lambayeque, and La Libertad, have experienced significant changes as a result of deforestation and changes in land use, leading to the loss of biodiversity and resources. This work analyzed for the first time the changes in vegetation cover and land use of the Pómac Forest Historical Sanctuary (PFHS), located in the department of Lambayeque (northern Peru). The employed approach was the random forest algorithm and visually interpreted Landsat satellite images for the periods 2000–2002, 2002–2004, and 2004–2008. Gain and loss rates were computed for each period, and the recovery process was assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Results indicate an expansion of agricultural land during each period, resulting in the deforestation of 102.6 hectares of dense dry forest and 739.9 hectares of open dry forest between 2000 and 2008. The degree of reforestation in the cleared areas was measured using the NDVI and EVI indices, revealing an improvement from 0.22 in NDVI in 2009 to 0.36 in 2022, and from 0.14 to 0.21 in EVI over the same period. This study is expected to pave the way for executing land management plans, as well as the use and conservation of natural resources in the PFHS in a sustainable manner.
Funneliglomus, gen. nov., and Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from the Amazonia region in Peru
(Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne, 2019-03-11) Corazon Guivin, Mike Anderson; Cerna Mendoza, Agustín; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vallejos Tapullima, Adela; Carballar Hernández, Santos; Alves da Silva, Gladstone; Oehl, Fritz
A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was found in agricultural field sites in the Amazonia lowlands of the Department San Martin, Perú. It was found up to 858 m above sea level in two plantations of the inka nut (also called ‚sacha inchi', Plukenetia volubilis), which was grown in mixed cultures together with Musa sp., Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris and Carica papaya. The fungus was propagated in bait cultures in a greenhouse on Sorghum sp., Brachiaria sp., Medicago sativa and Plukenetia volubilis as host plants. The fungus differentiates orange brown to dark orange brown, triple-layered spores, 93-151× 90-148 µm in diameter, terminally on funnel-shaped to rarely cylindrical or slightly inflating hyphae, and a strong, straight to slightly recurved septum that closes the spore pore at the spore base. Phylogenetically, the new fungus represents clearly a new genus in a separated clade, near to Funneliformis and Septoglomus. It can easily be distinguished from all other species of these genera by the characteristic ornamentation of the spore surface, which consists of multiple large, irregular pits. The fungus is here described under the epithet Funneliglomus sanmartinensis, serving as type species of the new genus Funneliglomus.
Participatory domestication of agroforestry trees: An example from the Peruvian Amazon
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2001-08-01) Sotelo Montes, Carmen; Vidaurre Arévalo, Héctor; Weber, John C.; Simons, Anthony; Dawson, Ian
Valuable tree genetic resources are declining around many farming communities in the Peruvian Amazon, limiting farmers' options for economic development. The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry is working with farming communities to increase productivity and long-term sustainability of their forests, and to empower them to conserve tree genetic resources. This paper describes some principles of participatory tree domestication, and how researchers are working with farmers to select improved planting materials, reduce the risk of poor tree adaptation, produce and deliver high-quality planting material, and scale up participatory tree domestication.
Sistema de produccion agroforestal inundable del camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh H.B.K.) en humedal de Loreto-Perú
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos (BRJ), 2022-06-15) Pinedo Panduro, Mario Herman; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Rodríguez Abanto, Carlos; Paredes Davila, Elvis Javier; Chagas Alves, Edvan; Lozano Bardales, Ricardo; Mathews Delgado, Jhon Paul
Presentamos el caso del camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia - Myrtaceae), arbusto perenne con alto contenido de ácido ascórbico (1.5a 3% de la pulpa de! fruto). Se lograron avances en el campo tecnológico y socio-económico, en un horizonte de 50 años de trabajo en un área central de la amazonia no conectada por carretera a grandes mercados. En esta región, se está desarrollando, desde hace 35 años mejoramiento genético y agronómico del camu-camu, en interacción con el sistema tradicional agroforestal en humedales tipo varzea del pequeño productor. El objetivo es lograr mediante la incorporación del frutal, mayor resiliencia en un contexto de sostenibilidad del sistema productivo agroforestal, frente al cambio climático y la pobreza imperante. Las actividades son: colección, evaluación, selección, multiplicación y transferencia de tecnología. Se aplicaron técnicas de muestreo, evaluaciones de campo y laboratorio, diseños y cálculos estadísticos uni y multivariados. Se ha logrado la selección y distribución de plantas superiores de camu-camu, tecnologías de propagación, manejo de vivero, instalación de plantaciones, abonamiento y defoliación, manejo de plagas, asociación de camu-camu con especies temporales y perennes, métodos para la promoción de la especie y la interacción social investigador-productor. Se requiere encontrar un equilibrio, donde los conceptos de sostenibilidad, agroforesteria y producción orgánica constituyen argumentos adecuados y vigentes Se concluye que la propuesta productiva, es adecuada para enfrentar la pobreza y el cambio climático, pero que aún no se consolida el aspecto comercial, proponiéndose el mercado interno como opción alternativa.
Viabilidad económica y financiera del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), en un sistema de producción de pijuayo (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) en Loreto, Perú
(Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP, 2020-09-10) Cumari Laulate, Elías; Urrelo Correa, Juan Imerio; Gonzáles Vega, Rodrigo
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la viabilidad económica y financiera de un sistema productivo de pijuayo (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) para fruto, asociado de manera secuencial con arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). La investigación se desarrolló en tres parcelas experimentales ubicadas a lo largo de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto, Perú: Campo experimental El Dorado km 25,5; Parcela experimental El Paujil km 35,5 y Parcela experimental Bolloquito km 75,5. Fue empleado el método analítico relacional para evaluar los resultados económicos y financieros de los componentes arroz y yuca en un sistema de producción de pijuayo para fruto (04 genotipos, más un testigo, genotipo local), distribuidos en tres bloques al azar. Encontramos que los componentes arroz y yuca se muestran económicamente lucrativos, donde la parcela de El Dorado resultó tener mayor rentabilidad. En el sistema productivo de pijuayo para fruto, el arroz y la yuca hacen posible los ingresos económicos suficientes durante los primeros años. Por lo tanto, el sistema agrario productivo de pijuayo, asociados con arroz y yuca es viable económica y financieramente.