Examinando por Materia "Andean region"

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Alterations in the gut microbial composition and diversity associated with diarrhea in neonatal Peruvian alpacas
(Elsevier, 2024-05-09) Zapata Coacalla, Celso; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Oros Butron, Oscar; Sánchez Herencia, Diana; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge L.; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos I.; Coila Añasco, Pedro
Diarrhea in alpacas is a clinically significant condition and the primary cause of morbidity in neonatal Peruvian alpacas. This study aimed to correlate early diarrhea in crias of alpaca with changes in the microbiota community. A total of 19 alpacas (aged 1–2 months) were collected, including nine with a health condition and ten healthy ones. Fecal samples were obtained under sterile conditions and their DNA was extracted. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted in the Illumina platform, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Reduced microbial diversity was evident in alpacas afflicted with diarrhea, delineating contrasting microbial compositions in comparison to their healthy counterparts. The study characterized the predominant bacterial classes and phyla within the gut microbiota, with Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Bacteroidota collectively constituting approximately 80% of the total bacterial population. Substantial disparities in these microbial compositions were observed between the two groups, a variance that appeared to be influenced by both age and the health status of the alpacas. The bacterial class Verrucomicrobiae exhibited a significant presence within the group of alpacas suffering from illness. Furthermore, specific pathogenic species such as Clostridium spiroforme, Blautia, and Bacteroides fragilis were detected in significantly higher proportions among the afflicted alpacas. The functional diversity across the two groups was also found to be markedly different, a distinction that is graphically represented in a heat map illustrating the fifty principal differential KEGGs. This study provides valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in alpaca health and may have implications for veterinary care and management.
An evaluation of dryland ulluco cultivation yields in the face of climate change scenarios in the Central Andes of Peru by using the Aquacrop model
(MDPI, 2024-06-26) Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Vera Vílchez, Jesús; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia; Lastra, Sphyros; Solórzano Acosta, Richard
Ullucus tuberosus is an Andean region crop adapted to high-altitude environments and dryland cultivation. It is an essential resource that guarantees food security due to its carbohydrate, protein, and low-fat content. However, current change patterns in precipitation and temperatures warn of complex scenarios where climate change will affect this crop. Therefore, predicting these effects through simulation is a valuable tool for evaluating this crop’s sustainability. This study aims to evaluate ulluco’s crop yield under dryland conditions at 3914 m.a.s.l. considering climate change scenarios from 2024 to 2100 by using the AquaCrop model. Simulations were carried out using current meteorological data, crop agronomic information, and simulations for SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 of CMIP 6. The results indicate that minimum temperature increases and seasonal precipitation exacerbation will significantly influence yields. Increases in rainfall and environmental CO2 concentrations show an opportunity window for yield increment in the early stages. However, a negative trend is observed for 2050–2100, mainly due to crop temperature stress. These findings highlight the importance of developing more resistant ulluco varieties to heat stress conditions, adapting water management practices, continuing modeling climate change effects on crops, and investing in research on smallholder agriculture to reach Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13
Fenología de cinco especies forrajeras en los bofedales de la cuenca alta del río Ichu y Pampas
(Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2020-11-13) Altamirano Pérez, Ana María; Ircañaupa H., Willian
El estudio fenológico de las especies forrajeras en los bofedales de la cuenca alta del río Ichu y Pampas, permitió realizar la evaluación fenológica de las especies forrajeras más dominantes y abundantes de los bofedales Lachocc y Choclocoha, durante el periodo de diciembre del 2017 a octubre del 2018, en clausuras de 0,75 ha y 1ha respectivamente. Se determinaron las coberturas vegetales a través de los censos de vegetación, para determinar la dominancia de las especies. Se realizó la identificación de diez plantas de las 5 especies predominantes en ambos bofedales, realizando la evaluación cada 15 días durante todo su ciclo fenológico. Los resultados indican que Poa gymnantha, Poa perligulata, Calamagrostis rigescens, Calamagrostis vicunarum, Alchemilla diplophylla y Alchemilla pinnata completan su ciclo fenológico a los 226, 212, 218, 218, 170 y 167 días. Mientras que la fenología de Distichia muscoides, está relacionado directamente a la disponibilidad de humedad y el lugar donde se desarrolla. Además, la fenología de la mayoría de las especies coincide con la presencia de épocas de lluvias iniciándose en diciembre con mayor notoriedad, prolongándose hasta los meses de junio y julio.
Microsatellite-based genetic diversity and population structure of Huacaya alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Southern Peru
(MDPI, 2023-05-05) Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Mamani Cato, Ruben; Gallegos Acero, Roberto; Condori Rojas, Nicoll; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Heredia Vilchez, Lizeth Amparo; Salazar Coronal, Wilian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
The alpaca population mostly consists of the Huacaya phenotype and is widely distributed in Southern Peru. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of two Huacaya alpaca populations (Ajoyani and Quimsachata) using fourteen and twelve microsatellite markers for each population, respectively. A total of 168 alpaca biological samples were outsourced to Peruvian laboratories for DNA extraction and genotyping. For genetic diversity, observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), and fixation indices values were estimated. An admixture analysis was performed for the population structure analysis. Different programs were used for these estimations. In total, 133 (Ajoyani) and 129 (Quimsachata) alleles were found, with a range of 4 to 17 by locus. The mean HO, HE, and PIC per marker for Ajoyani were 0.764 ± 0.112, 0.771 ± 0.1, and 0.736; for Quimsachata, they were 0.783 ± 0.087, 0.773 ± 0.095, and 0.738, respectively. The population structure showed no structure with K = 2. This study provides useful indicators for the creation of appropriate alpaca conservation programs.
Use of a microbial nexus system in high andean areas: effectiveness and feasibility for wastewater treatment
(CRC Press, 2024-08-01) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solorzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Alfaro Cancino, Milagros Estefani; Luis Alaya, Bernabe
High altitudes harbor several microbial species with unique properties, mainly because of their climatic and geographic characteristics that limit their adaptation. At present, several environmental problems are endangering the health of our planet, among which the pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most important. Wastewater from various industries is treated before being released into the environment, but the strategies used are insufficiently effective, causing environmental problems. New methodologies have been proposed that are based on the implementation of microbial niches that are associated with wastewater treatment systems. Searching for microorganisms in native environments is an important step in establishing new microbial niches related to wastewater treatment. This is mainly because these indigenous microorganisms possess very versatile characteristics, which can be exploited to improve the efficiency of treating wastewater. A specific microbial community is used to degrade pollutants at each stage of biological wastewater treatment. To ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process, the coupling of microbial niches in wastewater treatment is essential. In addition, this technique is more economical and environmentally friendly than other alternatives. This makes it an attractive option for wastewater treatment. Thus, this chapter attempts to address the main advantages of using microbial niches inhabiting the high Andean areas and their integration in wastewater treatment. In addition, new strategies will be proposed to study and recover these native microbes with high genetic value for application in different pollutant treatment systems.