Examinando por Materia "Camu-camu"

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Camu-camu - Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh
(Academic Press, 2018-02-02) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (common name camu-camu) is an Amazonian fruit shrub that produces several nutritional compounds such as essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Also, it contains several health-promoting phytochemicals with powerful antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, due to phenolics, vitamin C, and betulinic acid. In addition, it has been shown to have hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activity. Finally, it is best known for its high content of vitamin C.
De novo assembly and functional annotation of Myrciaria dubia fruit transcriptome reveals multiple metabolic pathways for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
(BioMed Central, 2015-11-24) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Maddox, J. Dylan; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Requena Anicama, David Ruben; Zimic Peralta, Mirko Juan; Bombarely Gomez, Aureliano; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Cerdeira Gutiérrez, Luis Alexander; Medina Bardales, Anderson E.
Myrciaria dubia is an Amazonian fruit shrub that produces numerous bioactive phytochemicals, but is best known by its high L-ascorbic acid (AsA) content in fruits. Pronounced variation in AsA content has been observed both within and among individuals, but the genetic factors responsible for this variation are largely unknown. The goals of this research, therefore, were to assemble, characterize, and annotate the fruit transcriptome of M. dubia in order to reconstruct metabolic pathways and determine if multiple pathways contribute to AsA biosynthesis.RESULTS: In total 24,551,882 high-quality sequence reads were de novo assembled into 70,048 unigenes (mean length = 1150 bp, N50 = 1775 bp). Assembled sequences were annotated using BLASTX against public databases such as TAIR, GR-protein, FB, MGI, RGD, ZFIN, SGN, WB, TIGR_CMR, and JCVI-CMR with 75.2 % of unigenes having annotations. Of the three core GO annotation categories, biological processes comprised 53.6 % of the total assigned annotations, whereas cellular components and molecular functions comprised 23.3 and 23.1 %, respectively. Based on the KEGG pathway assignment of the functionally annotated transcripts, five metabolic pathways for AsA biosynthesis were identified: animal-like pathway, myo-inositol pathway, L-gulose pathway, D-mannose/L-galactose pathway, and uronic acid pathway. All transcripts coding enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were also identified. Finally, we used the assembly to identified 6314 genic microsatellites and 23,481 high quality SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the first next-generation sequencing effort and transcriptome annotation of a non-model Amazonian plant that is relevant for AsA production and other bioactive phytochemicals. Genes encoding key enzymes were successfully identified and metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of AsA, anthocyanins, and other metabolic pathways have been reconstructed. The identification of these genes and pathways is in agreement with the empirically observed capability of M. dubia to synthesize and accumulate AsA and other important molecules, and adds to our current knowledge of the molecular biology and biochemistry of their production in plants. By providing insights into the mechanisms underpinning these metabolic processes, these results can be used to direct efforts to genetically manipulate this organism in order to enhance the production of these bioactive phytochemicals.The accumulation of AsA precursor and discovery of genes associated with their biosynthesis and metabolism in M. dubia is intriguing and worthy of further investigation. The sequences and pathways produced here present the genetic framework required for further studies. Quantitative transcriptomics in concert with studies of the genome, proteome, and metabolome under conditions that stimulate production and accumulation of AsA and their precursors are needed to provide a more comprehensive view of how these pathways for AsA metabolism are regulated and linked in this species.
Inducción de la biosíntesis local de antocianinas en frutos de Myrciaria dubia mediante lesiones mecánicas
(Universidad Científica del Perú, 2014-12-30) Motta Santillán, Daniel Edgar; Torrejón Dávila, Hernán Pierr; Tello Ruíz, Ligia Beatriz; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos
En las plantas las antocianinas cumplen roles fundamentales en sus interacciones con el medio ambiente, son una de las líneas de defensa contra los radicales libres, la radiación ultravioleta y el ataque de patógenos. Observaciones realizadas muestran que los frutos de M. dubia acumulan antocianinas alrededor de lesiones mecánicas probablemente causadas por insectos. Por tanto, hemos probado la hipótesis que produciendo lesiones mecánicas en frutos verdes de M. dubia se induce la biosíntesis local de antocianinas. De tres plantas en fructificación de la colección de germoplasma del INIA se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 40 frutos verdes (25 ± 5 mm de Ø) y se causaron lesiones mecánicas con estilete o bisturí al 75% de ellos. Posteriormente, se registró el porcentaje de acumulación de antocianinas por área superficial del fruto a las 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Se observó acumulación de antocianinas en ~10% (24 horas), ~30% (48 horas) y ~70% (72 horas) del área superficial de los frutos. En conclusión, las lesiones mecánicas causadas en frutos de M. dubia inducen la biosíntesis local de antocianinas, probablemente como un mecanismo de defensa efectivo desarrollado por esta especie. La comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en esta respuesta fisiológica nos permitirá establecer las bases para la mejora genética de esta especie.
Isolation and molecular cloning of genes from Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” with potential use for biotechnological production of vitamin C
(Society for Biology and Biotechnology, 2016-11-03) Castro Gómez, Juan Carlos; Cobos Ruiz, Marianela; Maddox, J. Dylan; Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Marapara del Aguila, Jorge Luis
Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” is a rich source of several bioactive phytochemicals and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, AsA). To gain insights about the genes involved in AsA biosynthesis in this plant species and consequently with potential use for its biotechnological production, here we report the isolation and molecular cloning of partial gene sequences of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway. Degenerate primers designed by the multiple sequence alignment of related plant species were used to isolate in M. dubia the partial sequences of the six D-mannose/L-galactose pathway genes (GMP, GME, GGP, GPP, GDH and GLDH). The deduced protein sequences of the six genes have more than 81% sequence identity to rosids and asterids species, with a closer phylogenetic relationship to Eucalyptus grandis. In conclusion, gene sequences of the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway involved in AsA biosynthesis of M. dubia were successfully isolated and cloned and the phylogenetic analysis indicated that these genes have been relatively well conserved throughout of plant evolution, reflecting the importance of the enzymes of this metabolic pathway for plant growth and survival. Additionally, the isolation and cloning of these genes allow us to implement systems for biotechnological production of AsA.