Examinando por Materia "Capsicum"

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Boletín Informativo: Proyecto Diversidad de Capsicum, 2011(4)
(Bioversity International, 2011-12) Amaya, Karen
Informa sobre las actividades de los últimos 4 meses (septiembre-diciembre) realizados por el Proyecto Diversidad Capsicum, incluyendo información de próximos eventos a realizarse.
Capsaicinoids, flavonoids, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity and color attributes in 23 native Peruvian chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) grown in three different locations
(Springer Nature, 2014-09-12) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
Twenty-three Peruvian chili pepper accessions, belonging to the four domesticated species Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens, were grown under different meteorological conditions and agricultural practices in three Peruvian locations (Chiclayo, Piura and Pucallpa). Results are reported for powdered oven-dried bulk samples of each accession and each location by important quality attributes (capsaicinoids, flavonoids, tocopherols, antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, extractable color (ASTA 20.1) and surface color). Multivariate data evaluation by principle component analysis and partial least square discriminant analysis did not show any underlying structure. Moreover, a high influence of the environment on the analyzed traits could be demonstrated by analysis of variance. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) between the accessions and all locations were observed for all traits. Besides, significant interaction between accessions and locations indicated that the accessions responded differently to changes of the locations. The calculation of an environmental impact factor allowed differing between chili peppers provided consistent phytochemical levels widely independent of the location or those that provided exceptional high levels for a specific trait at one of the locations.
Catálogo de ajíes (Capsicum spp.) peruanos promisorios conservados en el banco de semillas del INIA - Perú
(Bioversity International, 2013) Libreros, Dimary; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Petz, Michael; Meckelmann, Sven W.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Amaya, Karen; Ramírez, Marleni
El catálogo resume los resultados de estudios agromorfológicos y bioquímicos hechos para un grupo de 35 accesiones de las 39 promisorias de ajíes del banco de semillas del INIA sembradas y caracterizadas en cuatro localidades diferentes, en regiones con un alto potencial para la producción de ajíes: Huaral, Tambo Grande, Piura y Chiclayo, y en la Amazonia peruana: Pucallpa y Ucayali, con la idea de estudiar su comportamiento en los diferentes ambientes.
Characterisation of volatile profiles in 50 native Peruvian chili pepper using solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME–GCMS)
(El Sevier, 2016-08-26) Patel, Kirti; Ruíz, Candy; Calderón, Rosa; Marcelo Salvador, Mavel; Rojas, Rosario
The volatiles were characterised by headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). A total of 127 compounds were identified with terpenes (including mono terpenes and sesquiterpenes – a total of 45 compounds), esters (31 compounds) and hydrocarbons (20 compounds) were the predominant volatile compounds. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatile compounds yielded 2 significant PC's, which together accounted for 90.3% of the total variance in the data set and the scatter plot generated between PC1 and PC2 successfully segregated the 50 chili pepper samples into 7 groups. Clusters of hydrocarbons, esters, terpenes, aldehyde and ketones formed the major determinants of the difference.
La colección nacional de Capsicum respalda el aprovechamiento de ajíes en el Perú
(Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), 2011-11-23) Williams, D. W.; Ríos Lobo, Máxima Llermé; Van Zonneveld, M.
El presente documento contiene el resumen del trabajo “La colección nacional de Capsicum respalda el aprovechamiento de ajíes en el Perú”, presentando en el VIII Simposio de Recursos Genéticos para América Latina y el Caribe, realizado del 21 al 23 de noviembre de 2011, organizado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador.
Compositional Characterization of Native Peruvian Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.)
(American Chemical Society, 2013-02-14) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Ugás, Roberto; Quinonez, Lourdes; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
The national Capsicum germplasm bank of Peru at INIA holds a unique collection of more than 700 Capsicum accessions, including many landraces. These conserved accessions have never been thoroughly characterized or evaluated. Another smaller collection exists at UNALM, and CIDRA provided taxonomically characterized fruits from the Amazon region of Ucayali. Of these collections, 147 accessions have been selected to represent the biodiversity of Peruvian Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum frutescens by morphological traits as well as by agronomic characteristics and regional origin. All fruits from the selected accessions have been oven-dried and ground in Peru and analyzed in Germany. Results are reported for each accession by total capsaicinoids and capsaicinoid pattern, total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, specific flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin), fat content, vitamin C, surface color, and extractable color. A wide variability in phytochemical composition and concentration levels was found.
Evaluation of Heat-sensitive Micronutrients in Fresh, Sun-dried and Solar-dried Capsicum Varieties Grown in Peru
(University of Hohenheim, 2011-10) Nagle, Marcus; Jankowsky, Birgit; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Jäger, Matthias; Nohr, Donatus; Müller, Joachim
In this study, the vitamin and carotenoid content of three local varieties and six accessions of a gene bank in Peru were identified. It was observed that drying in the traditional way was almost impossible under Peruvian winter conditions (coast) and resulted in microbiological degradation, whereas almost all solar dryer samples reached the aimed moisture content. Dried capsicum with higher carotenoid and vitamin content provides products of better nutritional and economic value, which will contribute to food security.
Exploration of underutilized crop diversity of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru
(2014-06) Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ramírez, Marleni; Williams, David E.; Petz, Michael; Meckelmann, Sven W.; Avila, Teresa; Bejarano Martinez, Carlos; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Libreros, Dimary; Scheldeman, Xavier
The genus Capsicum is a highly diverse complex of domesticated and wild species that displays abundant variation in its main center of domestication and diversity in Bolivia and Peru but that remains under-researched. New collecting expeditions undertaken in 2010 by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) in Peru and the Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani (CIFP) in Bolivia have significantly increased the size of the collections. INIA Peru now maintains 712 accessions of the five domesticated species, making it one of the largest and most diverse national collections of native Capsicum pepper varieties in the world. The collection in Bolivia contains 492 accessions, including the five domesticated species, four wild species, and one wild botanical variety of a domesticated species. We report on the identification of promising native Capsicum germplasm for potential use in the development of differentiated products. Identification of promising material representative of native Capsicum diversity in both collections followed several steps: (1) Identification of a core collection of nearly 100 accessions per country representing the different species and their geographic distribution. Dried samples of these accessions were biochemically screened for commercially interesting attributes including capsaicinoid content, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids, lipid content and color; (2) Based on results of the biochemical screening, sub-sets of 44 Bolivian and 39 Peruvian accessions were selected, representing the different species and variation in biochemical attributes; and (3) The selected materials were grown in different environments to identify the agro-ecological conditions were they best express the special properties of commercial interest. The biochemical screening and agromorphological characterization and evaluation revealed that Capsicum accessions from Bolivia and Peru have unique combinations of functional attributes, confirming that a wealth of commercially valuable properties can be found in Capsicum’s primary center of diversity. This study was financed by GIZ.
Generación de innovaciones para mejorar la competitividad y los beneficios de los actores de las cadenas de valor de los ajíes nativos en Bolivia y Perú
(Bioversity International, 2014) Jäger, Matthias; Amaya, Karen
El documento revisa los resultados del proyecto Rescate y promoción de los ajíes nativos en su centro de origen, en el cual se desarrolló un enfoque modelo combinando actividades de investigación y desarrollo para demostrar cómo se pueden mejorar los ingresos de los agricultores de ajíes nativos aprovechando la diversidad que actualmente está siendo subutilizada, y la transición hacia una producción y comercialización diferenciada de alto valor.
Manejo agronómico de capsicum
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2022-11) Marcelo Salvador, Mavel; Celestino Avelino, Doris; Velasco Urquizo, Eyla
El Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) a través del INIA tiene la misión de conservar los recursos genéticos de uso agrario, y fomentar su puesta en valor y producción, además de ser responsable del Banco de Germoplasma más importante del Perú; de tal modo que cuenta con una Colección Nacional de 413 accesiones de ají y 299 de rocoto para el aprovechamiento racional de la diversidad nativa del género Capsicum, integrándola en cadenas de valor que contribuyan a mejorar las condiciones de vida en el medio rural y a posicionar al Perú en el contexto internacional. El presente documento se ha elaborado en base a los resultados obtenidos de diversos trabajos de conservación y caracterización agromorfológica de Capsicum desarrollados en la Estación Experimental Agraria Donoso - Huaral, a lo largo de cuatro años. En tal sentido, el “Manual de Manejo Agronómico de Capsicum”, proporciona información relevante sobre aspectos generales y manejo agronómico de este importante cultivo, resaltando sus peculiaridades a fin de promover su producción, conservación, mejoramiento genético y valoración.
Metabolomic characterization of 5 native Peruvian chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) as a tool for species discrimination
(Elsevier, 2022-03-17) Espichán, Fabio; Rojas, Rosario; Quispe Jacobo, Fredy Enrique; Cabanac, Guillaume; Marti, Guillaume
Many species of chili peppers have overlapping morphological characters and delimitation by visual descriptors in many cases fails to differentiate one species from another. In Peru, there are 413 accessions of native chili pepper and 296 accessions of rocotos conserved in the Germplasm Collections of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), of which five accessions (three species from three locations) were selected for the present metabolomic study. The Discrimination of the three species of native chili peppers and identification of biomarkers was performed using untargeted metabolomic approach based on profiling by UHPLC-HRMS and multivariate data analysis. The samples of fresh chili peppers (whole fruit) from Chincha area were used to construct an OPLS-DA model. To validate the biomarkers (identified 15 biomarkers, mainly flavonoids), an external validation set of the OPLS-DA model was constructed using Chiclayo and Huaral collection datasets. Consequently, the OPLS-DA based on Chincha samples model has a high predictive capacity demonstrating that the biomarkers have a high probability of continuity in any culture space, being successful in discriminating the species by untargeted metabolomics.
Phytochemicals in native Peruvian Capsicum pubescens (Rocoto)
(Springer Nature, 2015-07-29) Meckelmann, Sven W.; Jansen, Christian; Riegel, Dieter W.; Van Zonneveld, Maarten J.; Ríos Lobo, Llermé; Peña Pineda, Karla Mónica; Mueller Seitz, Erika; Petz, Michael
Peru is considered a hotspot with maybe the highest diversity of domesticated chili peppers. Capsicum pubescens is the least explored domesticated chili pepper, especially with regard to its chemical composition. Thirty-two different C. pubescens (Rocoto) accessions, out of the national Peruvian Capsicum germplasm collection at the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, were selected for investigating the phytochemical content and its variability. After drying and milling, the fruits were analyzed for the three major capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin), flavonoid aglycons (quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin), total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, tocopherol (α-, β- and γ-) content, fat content, ascorbic acid content, surface color and extractable color. The concentrations for selected traits ranged as follows: total capsaicinoids from 55 to 410 mg/100 g (corresponding to ca. 8400–60,000 SHU), total polyphenols from 1.8 to 2.5 g gallic acid equivalents/100 g, antioxidant capacity from 2.4 to 4.6 mmol Trolox/100 g and tocopherols from 6.8 to 18.4 mg/100 g. Only very few of the accessions contained detectable amounts of the major chili flavonoid quercetin. The results indicate that C. pubescens is generally less diverse and exhibits a lower content of almost all analyzed traits when compared to 147 Peruvian chili pepper accessions belonging to the other four domesticated species.
Proyecto rescate y promoción de ajíes nativos en su centro de origen
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2013-01) Bioversity International
Resume el Proyecto "Descubriendo el potencial de la diversidad de los cultivos olvidados para la diferenciación de productos de alto valor y la generación de ingresos para los agricultores de bajos recursos: el caso de los ajíes (Capsicums) en su centro de origen (el Perú)" con objetivos, actividades, resultados esperados y beneficiarios, asimismo, lista a los actores involucrados e instituciones socias involucrados en el proyecto.
Rescate y promoción de ajíes nativos en su centro de origen
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2012-02) Bioversity International
Resume del Proyecto "Descubriendo el potencial de la diversidad de los cultivos olvidados para la diferenciación de productos de alto valor y la generación de ingresos para los agricultores de bajos recursos: el caso de los ajíes (Capsicums) en su centro de origen (el Perú)" con objetivos, actividades, resultados esperados y beneficiarios.