Examinando por Materia "Cattle"

Mostrando 1 - 14 de 14

Age-dependent changes in protist and fungal microbiota in a peruvian cattle genetic nucleus
(MDPI, 2024-08-14) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Dipaz Berrocal, Deisy Juana; Alejos Asencio, Carol Silvia; Leon Trinidad, Silvia Eliana; Alvarez García, Wesley Yusmein; Rojas, Diorman; Alvarado, Wigoberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Arbizu, Carlos Irvin
In this research, the connection between age and microbial diversity in cattle was explored, revealing significant changes in both protist diversity and fungal microbiota composition with age. Using fecal samples from 21 Simmental cattle, microbial communities were analyzed through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Results indicated significant differences in alpha protist diversity among the three age groups, while fungal composition varied notably with age and was linked to hematological parameters. Despite the stability of fungal alpha diversity, compositional changes suggest the gut as a stable niche for microbial colonization influenced by diet, clinical parameters, and microbial interactions. All cattle were maintained on a consistent diet, tailored to meet the specific nutritional needs of each age group. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding age-related microbial dynamics to enhance livestock management and animal health, contributing to broader ecological and biomedical research. This study was limited by the lack of comprehensive metabolic analyses correlating microbiota changes with specific age-related variations, indicating a need for further research in this área.
Bioprocessing of organic wastes from poultry and bovine slaughterhouses as food substrate for Hermetia illucens larval development
(Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2023-01-31) Luperdi, A. P.; Flores Calla, S. S.; Barriga, X. J.; Rivera, V.; Salazar, I.; Manrique, P. L.; Reátegui, J. E.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the meat industry, inefficient management of organic waste exists, therefore the study aims to evaluate different bovine and poultry organic residues as food substrates during larval development of the black soldier fly, such as a sustainable alternative to obtain high protein meal. METHODS: The research evaluates the use of organic waste from cattle and poultry slaughterhouses, as food substrate for black soldier fly larvae, including raw beef blood T1, raw beef viscera T2, cooked beef blood T3, cooked beef viscera T4, raw chicken viscera T6 and cooked chicken viscera T7; further, as a control measure balanced feed (7 treatments and 5 replicates). Larvae were fed for 5 days and processed to make meal by drying and grinding; evaluating mortality, weight, size, proximal chemical composition, and apparent digestibility to determine the most viable substrate, analyzing effects and significance by multifactorial ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. FINDING: The results show Mortality (F = 917,81, p < 0,0001): T1 y T3 with 76,40 ± 2,86 (%) (F = 917,81, p < 0,0001), following T6 with 69,67 ± 4,55%, T7 with 24,00 ± 3,48%, T2 with 4,60 ± 1,92 %, T5 y T4, both with 4,20 ± 2,00 %. Weight (F = 825,62, p < 0,0001): T2 with 1,78 ± 0,22 gram outperformed the control T5 (1,76 ± 0,50 gram), T4 with 1,45 ± 0,06 g and T7 with 1,66 ± 0,07 gram. Size (F = 248,95, p < 0,0001): T5 with 16,03 ± 0,34 mm, T2 with 15,86 ± 0,22 mm, T4 with 14,72 ± 0,35 mm and finally, 14,51 ± 0,14 millimeter in T7. Proximal chemical analysis of crude protein and fat: T2 resulted in the following results 50,81 % and 21,88 %, T4 with 53,90% y 15,04%, T7 with 42,63 % and 32,03%, and T5 con 41,1 % and 19.55%, respectively. Digestibility: T5 with 20,39%, T2 with 12,66%, T4 with 10,61% and T7 with 5,97%. T2 raw beef viscera were determined to be the most viable substrate, followed by T4 cooked beef viscera and T7 cooked chicken viscera. CONCLUSIONS: Testing the effectiveness of cattle viscera as substrate, the experimental data presented may help design a process for an effective treatment method for slaughterhouse waste, which might benefit developing nations in managing their waste effectively, generating high protein meal, with the potential for a circular bioeconomy.
The complete mitochondrial genome of a Peruvian creole cattle (Bos taurus) and its phylogenetic analysis
(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2023-02-09) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Gonzáles, J.; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita
The population of Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a PCC bull for the first time. This genome was 16,339 bp in length with the base composition 31.43% A, 28.64% T, 26.81% C, and 13.12% G. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (Leucine), AUA (Isoleucine), AUU (Isoleucine), AUC (Isoleucine) and ACA (Threonine). Maximum likelihood analysis clearly demonstrated that PCC are strongly related to a native African breed, giving insights into the maternal ancestry of PCC. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC would serve as an important genetic data set for further breeding work and conservation strategies.
Complete mitogenome of “pumpo” (Bos taurus), a top bull from a Peruvian genetic nucleus, and its phylogenetic analysis
(MDPI, 2024-05-28) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Romero Avila, Yolanda; Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein; Rojas Cruz, Diorman; Alvarado, Wigoberto; Maicelo, Jorge L.; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
The mitochondrial genome of Pumpo (Bos taurus), a prominent breed contributing to livestock farming, was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome were achieved through a multifaceted approach employing bioinformatics tools such as Trim Galore, SPAdes, and Geseq, followed by meticulous manual inspection. Additionally, analyses covering tRNA secondary structure and codon usage bias were conducted for comprehensive characterization. The 16,341 base pair mitochondrial genome comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis places Pumpo within a clade predominantly composed of European cattle, reflecting its prevalence in Europe. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of mitochondrial genome analysis in understanding cattle evolution and highlights the potential of genetic improvement programs in livestock farming, thus contributing to enhanced livestock practices.
Development of silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon
(Springer Nature, 2023-12-01) Fuentes Navarro, Eduardo; Gómez, Carlos; Pizarro, Dante; Alegre, Julio; Castillo, Miguel S.; Vela, Jorge; Huamán, Ethel; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
Pasture-based livestock systems in the Peruvian Amazon region are characterized by degraded pastureland and their association with deforestation processes. Silvopastoral systems are an alternative to traditional tree-less pastures that has been recently developed and studied in this region of the country. This chapter provides information about the progress in the development of silvopastoral systems (SPS) in the Peruvian Amazon and the perspectives at national level for the next years. To accomplish these goals, we first review the experiences of establishing and evaluating SPS in five departments of the Peruvian Amazon. Then, we present a list of barriers for the implementation of SPS practices in the country and the current initiatives at the regional and national levels to promote and develop sustainable livestock production systems in the Peruvian Amazon region. We conclude that barriers such as available technology, capacity building, market access and associativity, financing and favorable environmental conditions need to be cleared first for the promotion and successful implementation of SPS in the Peruvian Amazon. Moreover, some of them need to be assumed by the producers, and others by the State at local, regional and national levels.
Effect of different protocols of fixed-time artificial insemination on mucus, ovarian size, and pregnancy of mixed-breed cows in the Humid Tropics of Peru
(Hindawi, 2023-05-18) Diaz Quevedo, Clavel; Ramírez García, Alonso; Torres Bernal, Lenin; Cáceres Coral, Jorge; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo
The objective of the research was to evaluate three synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus with Bos taurus crossbred cows. Forty-five cows of 5 ± 1.6 years were selected. The Jsynch treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α, estradiol cypionate plus eCG was applied, and the FTAI was performed at 48–52 hours after. Conventional treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α plus eCG was injected, and on day 9, estradiol benzoate was administered, and FTAI was performed at 30 hours. The Ovsynch treatment consisted of the application of GnRH, and on day 8, PGF2α was applied, on day 9, GnRH was applied again, and on day 10, FTAI plus GnRH was applied. The diagnosis of pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound 45 days after the FTAI. The Jsynch (39.1%) and conventional (39.1%) treatment showed higher pregnancy compared to the Ovsynch treatment (21.7%) of pregnancy. The presence of crystalline mucus at the time of the FTAI was significantly associated with pregnancy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to obtain acceptable pregnancy rates with the FTAI in B. indicus with B. taurus crossbred milk-producing cows, and treatments with progesterone-releasing devices plus eCG can improve the reproductive performance of cows.
Effects of age in fecal microbiota and correlations with blood parameters in genetic nucleus of cattle
(MDPI, 2024-06-29) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Coila, Pedro; Hañari Quispe, Renán Dilton; Aliaga, Mery; Galindo, Walter; Alvarado, Wigoberto; Casanova Nuñez-Melgar, David Pavel; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique
This study aimed to determine the impact of age on the fecal microbiota in the genetic nucleus of cattle, with a focus on microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations with blood parameters. Fecal and blood samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older cattle exhibited greater bacterial diversity and abundance, with significant changes in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in microbial composition between age groups and the interaction of age and sex (p < 0.05). Correlations between alpha diversity, community composition, and hematological values highlighted the influence of microbiota on bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, were more abundant in older cattle, suggesting a role in gut health. Functional diversity analysis indicated that younger cattle had significantly more abundant metabolic pathways in fermentation and anaerobic chemoheterotrophy. These findings suggest management strategies including tailored probiotic therapies, dietary adjustments, and targeted health monitoring to enhance livestock health and performance. Further research should include comprehensive metabolic analyses to better correlate microbiota changes with age-related variations, enhancing understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota, age, and reproductive status.
Floristic composition of dairy cattle pastures in the Peruvian Northern Highlands
(E-Cronicon, 2021-08-30) Carrasco Chilón, William Leoncio; Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein; Vallejos Fernández, Luis Asunción; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
To optimize cattle consumption and nutrition, it is essential to know the botanical characteristics of the pastures they consume. Therefore, the objective of the present research work was to evaluate the floristic composition, the productive performance of pastures and the productivity of dairy cattle on cattle farms in the inter-Andean valley of Cajamarca. The research was carried out in 10 dairy farms, under a mixed production system, with a stocking rate between 1.8 and 5.3 animal units per hectare. The floristic composition of the forage floor was determined using the “step transect” method to determine the desirable and undesirable species for livestock, considering the age of the pasture from 35 to 45 days and before grazing. A total of seven dominant species were found, of which Lolium multiflorum L. - “Cajamarquino ecotype”, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens are desirable species for livestock and represent on average 44.84% of the forage floor, the difference being represented by weeds or undesirable species such as: Pennisetum clandestinum, Rumex obtusifolius, Taraxacum officinale and Plantago major. Also, the average biomass yield was 3.33 t. ha-1 with protein levels of 9.96%. The forage yield is low, which affects the animal carrying capacity and consequently the production of the dairy cows, ranging from 5.83 to 16.22 kg milk/day on average, showing very variable and with low profitability.
Genetic diversity and structure of creole cattle (Bos taurus) from southern Peruvian Highlands
(2024-01-17) Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Saldaña, Carla L.; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Heredia Vilchez, Lizeth Amparo; Mamani Cato, Rubén Herberht; Gutierrez, Gustavo; Gomez Quispe, Oscar; Ciprian, Aldo; Murga Valderrama, Luis N.; Arbizu, Carlos I.
The creole cattle was originated after the introduction of cattle into America 5 centuries ago. Currently, the production traits of Peruvian creole cattle is scarcely known. An important characteristic of the creole cattle is its adaptability to different extreme environments. However, to date, molecular studies in Peruvian creole cattle are still scarce. Currently, due to the advances in molecular genetics, a new generation of molecular markers has been developed for the genetic characterization of livestock. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have become a very popular tool for the genetic study of livestock populations. Genome-wide SNP chips were developed for multi-breed genetic studies in cattle.
Hospedadores intermediarios con resistencia genética a Fasciola hepatica y evaluación preliminar de su utilización en el control de fasciolosis en ganado vacuno en la zona de Cajamarca, Perú
(Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad del Zulia, 2024-01-01) Cabrera González, Marco Antonio; Hobán, Cristian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Cueva Rodríguez, Medali
Con el objetivo de evaluar de manera preliminar poblaciones de morfotipos con patrones de marcadores fenotípicos de resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio para su utilización en el control de fasciolosis en ganado vacuno, se multiplicaron los hospedadores intermediarios con resistencia a formas infectivas de Fasciola hepatica en condiciones de laboratorio, se recogieron 850 caracoles de las acequias y zonas pantanosas de 8 rebaños ubicados en los distritos de La Encañada y Baños del Inca, Perú, ubicados a una altitud de 2.626 a 3.115 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm), del género Lymnaea viatrix, seleccionándose 400 caracoles con patrones de susceptibilidad / resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio (morfometría de la concha, conducta de ovoposición, patrón de pigmentación del manto). Se probaron dos métodos de crianza de multiplicación de morfotipos observándose que el método de crianza 1 obtuvo una menor mortalidad promedio de n=11 ± 2,44 en relación al método 2, en cuanto a la fecundidad fue mayor en el método 1 (n=8) en relación al método 2 (n=3); la viabilidad de las masas de huevos en el método 1 fue de 60 % y en el método 2 de 48,4 %. El tiempo de incubación de los huevos fue de 19 días a 18°C. La resistencia encontrada y observada de estos morfotipos evaluaron la resistencia preliminar frente a miracidio en condiciones de laboratorio, observándose que fue de 5 % en el género Lymnaea y se puede extrapolar a condiciones de campo, teniendo en cuenta las observaciones realizadas en cuanto a adaptabilidad, densidad poblacional, adaptabilidad y sobrevivencia durante la época de del año y la carga parasitaria se puede tener como control alternativo al control químico inadecuado causante del fenómeno de resistencia de F. hepatica.
Índices reproductivos de las vacas Brown Swiss de la Estación Experimental INIA Illpa Puno Perú
(Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), 2014-10-24) Quispe, Jesús; Belizario, Celso; Huanca Mamani, Teodosio; Maquera, Zenón
En el módulo de Ganado Pardo Suizo EE INIA Illpa Puno, ubicado en los alrededores de la región lacustre de Puno se han determinado parámetros reproductivos de las vacas. El módulo se realizó bajo una ganadería semi intensiva en pradera asociada con alfalfa Dactylis y suplementada con ensilaje de avena según época (lluviosa o seca). Los datos abarcan el período 2003 - 2010 y analizados por DCA; siendo los resultados. El EPS fue de 21,66 ± 30,87 meses alcanzado con PVPS de 343,11 ± 25,71 kg; el PPE fue de 31,24 ± 6,4 meses, el IEP fue de 451,13 ± 135,65 días; IPC de 161,45 ± 135 días. La TN global fue de 76,47%, con variaciones para la producción de la campaña; lo que refleja el estado actual del manejo reproductivo del bovino Pardo Suizo en torno al lago.
Malezas tóxicas para el ganado vacuno en el valle del Mantaro, Junín
(Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), 2014-10-24) Rojas, J. D.; Bojórquez, C.; Ordóñez, H.; Noli Hinostroza, Esterlina Ciria; Rojas, E. W.
Es de gran importancia en el sistema agropecuario estudiar las malezas tóxicas y sus efectos en el ganado. El objetivo fue identificar malezas tóxicas para el ganado en el valle del Mantaro, Junín. Establecimiento de pastos y caminos de monitoreo, fueron evaluados en el 2012 y 2013 respectivamente. En el establecimiento de pastizales se realizaron evaluaciones de 1 ha de los potreros Octoberfest en cuadrantes de 0,25m2, las muestras se tomaron al azar. En total se registraron 50 especies de malezas incluidas en 39 géneros y 16 familias. De las cuales el 44 % son tóxicas. Según el índice de valor de importancia (IVI), las especies más importantes fueron: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris, Veronica persica, Capsella bursa- pastoris y Fuertesimalva leptocalyx.
Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y Calicophoron spp. en vacunos de crianza extensiva del distrito Florida (Amazonas), Perú
(Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, 2024-04-23) Cueva Rodríguez, Medali; Torrel, Teófilo; Hobán, Cristian; Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein; Mejia, Flor; Vargas Rocha, Luis
El presente estudio determina la prevalencia de los huevos de Fasciola hepatica, Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta en vacunos de crianza al pastoreo de seis poblados ganaderos del distrito de Florida, Amazonas (Perú). Mediante la técnica de sedimentación natural se examinaron 358 muestras fecales. La prevalencia de F. hepatica fue 69.83 % (IC 95% 65.08 – 74.59), seguido de Calicophoron spp. 60.34 % (IC 95% 55.27 – 65.40) y una prevalencia de infección mixta 41.62 % (IC95% 36.51 – 46.73). La presencia de huevos de F. hepatica no tuvo diferencias entre los poblados, las razas y el grupo etario (P>0.05). La presencia de Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta con F. hepatica presentaron diferencias entre poblados y la raza (P<0.05), a diferencia del grupo etario que fueron similares estadísticamente (P>0.05). Se halló una alta prevalencia de huevos fecales de F. hepatica y Calicophoron spp., situación que podría estar dado por las condiciones ambientales que permiten el óptimo desarrollo del hospedador intermediario y del sistema de crianza al pastoreo de los vacunos.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Neglected Breed, the Peruvian Creole Cattle (Bos taurus), and Its Phylogenetic Analysis
(MDPI, 2022-06-06) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Poemape Tuesta, Carlos Augusto; Gonzales, Jhony; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita
Cattle spread throughout the American continent during the colonization years, originating creole breeds that adapted to a wide range of climate conditions. The population of creole cattle in Peru is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. During the last 15 years, there has been significant progress in cattle genomics. However, little is known about the genetics of the Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) despite its importance to (i) improving productivity in the Andean region, (ii) agricultural labor, and (iii) cultural traditions. In addition, the origin and phylogenetic relationship of the PCC are still unclear. In order to promote the conservation of the PCC, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a creole bull, which also possessed exceptional fighting skills and was employed for agricultural tasks, from the highlands of Arequipa for the first time. The total mitochondrial genome sequence is 16,339 bp in length with the base composition of 31.43% A, 28.64% T, 26.81% C, and 13.12% G. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (leucine), AUA (isoleucine), AUU (isoleucine), AUC (isoleucine), and ACA (threonine). Maximum likelihood reconstruction using complete mitochondrial genome sequences showed that the PCC is related to native African breeds. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC will serve as an important genetic data set for further breeding work and conservation strategies.