Examinando por Materia "Descriptor"

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Caracterización morfológica de cinco variedades de café (Coffea arabica L.) y su resistencia a la roya (Hemileia vastatrix), en el Valle del Alto Huallaga, Tingo María
(Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2020-11-13) Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Buendía Molina, Marilyn; Adama Rojas, Enrique; Pocomucha Poma, Vicente
El objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente 13 caracteres cualitativos de cinco variedades de café de la especie Coffea arábica L. (Colombia, Catimor, Limani, Catuai y Caturra) y evaluar su grado de resistencia a la roya amarilla. La investigación se realizó, en el Centro Piloto de Innovación Tecnológica de café de la EEA Santa Ana, Tingo María. Se utilizó la lista de descriptores de café del International Resources Institute y se determinó los caracteres responsables de la mayor variabilidad en las variedades mediante el análisis multivariado de agrupamiento mediante software NTSYS 2.0. También, se evaluó la incidencia de la roya (Hemileia vastatrix) en las cinco variedades. De las 13 características cualitativas evaluadas en cinco variedades, nueve características fueron similares (hábito de ramificación: con muchas ramas primarias y secundarias, ángulo de inserción: semi erecto, forma de estípula: oval, forma de la hoja: lanceolada, forma de ápice: apiculada, color del peciolo: verde, forma de fruto: oblonga, color de semilla: amarillo y forma de semilla: obovada) y en las cuatro restantes se observó diferencias (forma de planta, color de hoja madura, color de brotes y color de fruto). También, la variedad caturra se mostró como la más susceptible a la roya, mientras las variedades Colombia, Catimor y Limani se mostraron resistentes a la roya.
Characterization of Coffea arabica L. parent plants and physicochemical properties of associated soils, Peru
(Cell Press, 2022-10-03) Alvarado Chuqui, Wigoberto; Bobadilla Rivera, Leidy Gheraldine; Valqui Valqui, Leandro; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Valqui Valqui, Lamberto; Vigo Mestanza, Carmen Natividad; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
It is important to carry out the morphological characterization of coffee parent plants and the physicochemical properties of the associated soils in the Amazon region, Peru, in order to achieve germplasm conservation. One hundred coffee mother plants were identified and located in five provinces of the region and evaluated according to morphological descriptors such as stipula shape, young leaf color, leaf shape, leaf apex shape, young shoot color, leaf color, fruit color, fruit shape, mature leaf color, and rust incidence percentage. In the plots where the parent plants were located, soil sampling was carried out to determine the physical and chemical properties. The varieties with the greatest presence in the five provinces were Típica and caturra roja, with the greatest number of specimens reported for the province of Bagua. The predominant stipule shape was triangular (91%), lanceolate leaf shape (60%) and red fruit color (90%). Bongará reported the lowest incidence of yellow rust, as well as the Mundo Novo Rojo variety. Soil pH ranged from acidic to neutral values, low electrical conductivity, high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, high potassium levels and medium cation exchange capacity. The predominant textural class was sandy loam. The physical and chemical characterization of the soils under study show favorable ranges to encourage the best development of coffee cultivation.
Phenotypic diversity of morphological traits of pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) and its agronomic potential in the Amazonas region, Peru
(MDPI, 2024-11-02) Santos Pelaez, Julio Cesar; Saravia Navarro, David; Cruz Delgado, Julio H. I.; Del Carpio Salas, Miguel Angel; Barboza, Elgar; Casanova Núñez-Melgar, David Pavel
Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) is an economically significant cactus fruit in Peru, renowned for its rich nutritional profile and antioxidant properties while exhibiting wide biological diversity. This study aimed to morphologically characterize seven pitahaya accessions using qualitative and quantitative descriptors related to the cladodes, flowers, and fruits. Univariate and multivariate (FAMD, PCA, MCA, and clustering) analyses were employed to identify and classify the accessions based on their morphological traits. The analyses revealed three distinct groups: one consisting solely of AC.07; another with AC.02, AC.04, and AC.06; and a third including AC.01, AC.03, and AC.05. The first group exhibited superior characteristics, particularly in fruit traits such as the stigma lobe count (23.3), number of bracts (26.5 mm), and length of apical bracts (15.75 mm). The second group recorded the highest spine count (3.21), bract length (16.95 mm), and awn thickness (5.12 mm). The third group had the highest bract count (37) and an average locule number (23.65). These findings highlight the significant morphological diversity among the accessions, indicating the potential for classification and selection in pitahaya cultivation. The potential of AC.07 stands out in terms of its agronomic qualities, such as its fruit weight (451.93 g) and pulp weight (292.5 g), surpassing the other accessions.