Examinando por Materia "Diversity"

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Caracterización agromorfológica de accesiones de Phaseolus spp., en la región Amazonas, Perú
(Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), 2024-05-01) Vásquez García, Jheiner; Vilca Valqui, Nuri Carito; Malqui Ramos, Roiber; Fernández, Elizabeth; Duarez Vera, Edwin; Ayala, Rosmery
El Perú cuenta con una alta diversidad genética de leguminosas andinas, especialmente del género Phaseolus. Su identificación a través de descriptores agromorfológicos es trascendental para impulsar su conservación y desarrollar estudios de mejoramiento genético. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar morfológica y agronómicamente 58 accesiones de frijol (Phaseolus spp) depositadas en el banco de germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria del Perú. Para ello, se utilizaron 24 descriptores cuantitativos y 18 cualitativos que se evaluaron en la fenología de cada accesión. El análisis de conglomerados y de correspondencias múltiples, permitió identificar la formación de cuatro grupos en función de sus características semejantes. El mayor número de accesiones se localizaron en el tercer y cuarto grupo. Sin embargo, las siete accesiones que conformaron el segundo grupo, exhibieron características promisorias por presentar alta productividad (2777,86 kg•ha-1), con semillas blancas, de aceptables dimensiones, con una germinación epigea temprana (10 días), hojas ovado-lanceoladas de crecimiento indeterminado (174,79 cm de altura de planta) que desarrollan numerosas guías. Además, mostraron una floración prolongada (33,86 días) con pétalos rosados y blancos, que dan origen a un mayor número de vainas (66,71 por planta) de color verde hasta alcanzar su madurez fisiológica. Estas son cualidades que las convierten en fuente valiosa para la implementación apropiada de futuros programas de mejoramiento genético.
Composition, diversity, and value of ecological importance in Andean grassland ecosystems according to the altitudinal gradient in the Huacracocha micro-watershed, Peru
(Sciencedomain International, 2023-08-12) Yaranga Cano, Raul Marino; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Cano, Deyvis; Chanamé, Fernan C.; Orellana, Javier A.
Aims: determine the composition and floristic diversity, the similarity between sites based on the distribution of species in the altitudinal gradient, and determine the value of ecological importance, in Andean grassland ecosystems. Study Design: Original research. Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in the Huacracocha micro-watershed in the Central Highlands of Peru, during the rainy season (January - March 2022). Methodology: The agrostological evaluation points were determined taking into account twelve sites of interest were determined, located from the lowest part of the micro-watershed (4091.8 masl) to the part with the highest vegetation cover (4512.27 masl), the agrostological reading process at each evaluation site was carried out using the radial transect method with the line and intercept point technique. Results: We observed the presence of the presence of 78 vascular species, included in 51 genus and 21 families, was found. The dominance of certain species characterized the type of grassland vegetation, and at least 3 species determined the similarity between sites. The alpha diversity index was low, and the value of ecological importance ranged between 0.0062 and 0.2194. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Andean grassland ecosystems are constituted by a complex community of grasslands based on numerous floristic families, genus, and species, likewise, the dominance of species among the shared sites characterizes the vegetation type, and the diversity index and the IVI determine the complex structural characteristics with great biodiversity.
Genetic diversity and population structure of a Peruvian cattle herd using SNP data
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-03-10) Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Gonzales Malca, Jhony Alberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Medina Morales, Percy Edilberto; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
New-generation sequencing technologies, among them SNP chips for massive genotyping, are useful for the effective management of genetic resources. To date, molecular studies in Peruvian cattle are still scarce. For the first time, the genetic diversity and population structure of a reproductive nucleus cattle herd of four commercial breeds from a Peruvian institution were determined. This nucleus comprises Brahman (N = 9), Braunvieh (N = 9), Gyr (N = 5), and Simmental (N = 15) breeds. Additionally, samples from a locally adapted creole cattle, the Arequipa Fighting Bull (AFB, N = 9), were incorporated. Female individuals were genotyped with the GGPBovine100K and ma les with the BovineHD. Quality control, and the proportion of polymorphic SNPs, minor allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient were estimated for the five breeds. Admixture, principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were performed. Also, a dendrogram was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining clustering algorithm. The genetic diversity indices in all breeds showed a high proportion of polymorphic SNPs, varying from 51.42% in Gyr to 97.58% in AFB. Also, AFB showed the highest expected heterozygosity estimate (0.41 ± 0.01), while Brahman the lowest (0.33 ± 0.01). Besides, Braunvieh possessed the highest observed heterozygosity (0.43 ± 0.01), while Brahman the lowest (0.37 ± 0.02), indicating that Brahman was less diverse. According to the molecular variance analysis, 75.71% of the variance occurs within individuals, whereas 24.29% occurs among populations. The pairwise genetic differentiation estimates (FST) between breeds showed values that ranged from 0.08 (Braunvieh vs. AFB) to 0.37 (Brahman vs. Braunvieh). Similarly, pairwise Reynold’s distance ranged from 0.09 (Braunvieh vs. AFB) to 0.46 (Brahman vs. Braunvieh). The dendrogram, similar to the PCA, identified two groups, showing a clear separation between Bos indicus (Brahman and Gyr) and B. taurus breeds (Braunvieh, Simmental, and AFB). Simmental and Braunvieh grouped closely with the AFB cattle. Similar results were obtained for the population structure analysis with K = 2. The results from this study would contribute to the appropriate management, avoiding loss of genetic variability in these breeds and for future improvements in this nucleus. Additional work is needed to speed up the breeding process in the Peruvian cattle system.