Examinando por Materia "Fusarium"

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The advance of Fusarium wilt tropical race 4 in Musaceae of Latin America and the Caribbean: Current situation
(MDPI, 2023-02-08) Martínez, Gustavo; Olivares, Barlin Orlando; Rey, Juan Carlos; Rojas Llanque, Juan Carlos; Cardenas, Jaime; Muentes, Carlos; Dawson, Carolina
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (syn. Fusarium odoratissimum) (Foc TR4) causes vascular wilt in Musaceae plants and is considered the most lethal for these crops. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), it was reported for the first time in Colombia (2019), later in Peru (2021), and recently declared in Venezuela (2023). This work aimed to analyze the evolution of Foc TR4 in Musaceae in LAC between 2018 and 2022. This perspective contains a selection of topics related to Foc TR4 in LAC that address and describe (i) the threat of Foc TR4 in LAC, (ii) a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of Foc TR4 in LAC, (iii) the current situation of Foc TR4 in Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, (iv) medium-term prospects in LAC member countries, and (v) export trade and local food security. In this study, the presence of Foc TR4 in Venezuela and the possible consequences of the production of Musaceae in the long term were reported for the first time. In conclusion, TR4 is a major threat to banana production in Latin America and the world, and it is important to take measures to control the spread of the fungus and minimize its impact on the banana industry. It is important to keep working on the control of Foc TR4, which requires the participation of the local and international industry, researchers, and consumers, among others, to prevent the disappearance of bananas.
Fusarium ear rot and how to screen for resistance in open pollinated maize in the Andean regions
(Springer Nature, 2006-10-13) Silva, E.; Mora, E.A.; Medina Hoyos, Alicia Elizabeth; Vasquez, J.; Valdez, D.; Danial, D. L.; Parlevliet, J. E.
Ears infected with ear rot were collected from five provinces in Ecuador. Of the 44 samples analysed 26 carried Fusarium verticillioides, 11 F. subglutinans, two F. graminearum and five carried fungi different from Fusarium. The pathogenicity of ten isolates, seven of F. verticillioides and three of F. subglutinans, were tested. Per isolate 30 ears of the susceptible cultivar Mishca were inoculated by pricking a steel pin, dipped into a spore suspension, through the husks in the central part of the ear 14 days after mid-silk. Ears inoculated with sterile water and ears without any treatment, natural infection, served as controls. The disease severity (DS) of the ears ranged from 14 to 58% ear rot, the range being similar for both species. The DS of the water control, 19%, was much higher than that of the natural control of 2%. Five strains gave a DS of over 40%, significantly higher than the water control. The DS of the others were similar to the water control. In a series of experiments the effect of various methods of applying Fusarium spores through the husks into young ears were compared. All tested methods resulted in DSs significantly higher than those of the two controls. Inoculation with tooth picks and steel pins dipped in a spore suspension gave similar ear rot percentages. Inoculations at 7 to 14 days after mid-silk produced the highest DS’s. There was no significant effect of spore concentration on the DS. Cultivars differed considerably, the range being from around 20% to over 50%. Surprisingly, only wounding the husks, the sterile water control, resulted in a fairly high DS, much higher than that of the natural control. As the ranking order of the cultivars after wounding only and after inoculation did not seem to be different from the ranking order of the natural control it is suggested to use in areas with high inoculum pressures like the Andes only wounding by means of a steel pin for screening for resistance to maize ear rot.
Nueva variedad de Trigo INIA 445 - Masacanchino
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2021) Perez Avila, Angel Agustin
La presente publicación pone a disposición una nueva variedad de tarwi que posee buenas características de rendimiento, además elevado porcentaje de proteína, y bajo niveles de alcaloides. Además es moderadamente tolerante a Roya amarilla, Antracnosis y Fusarium