Examinando por Materia "Ganado"

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A review of silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon region
(2022-05-31) Fuentes, Eduardo; Gómez, Carlos; Pizarro, Dante; Alegre, Julio; Castillo, Miguel; Vela, Jorge; Huaman, Ethel; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir
Livestock in the Peruvian Amazon region is mostly produced in areas considered degraded pasturelands and associated with deforestation. Silvopastoral systems (SPS) are an alternative for sustainable livestock production. This article aims to provide information about progress in the development of SPS in the Peruvian Amazon region during the last 2 decades and opportunities to develop it further at the national level. The geographical characteristics and climatic conditions of the Peruvian Amazon are described, followed by a review of the experiences with SPS in the 5 most relevant departments of the region. Constraints for implementation of SPS practices in the country and the current initiatives at regional and national level to promote and develop more sustainable livestock production in the region are presented. There is a large variation in SPS practiced along the different departments of the Amazon region. It is imperative that the Peruvian Government continues promoting SPS for recovering degraded lands through generating enabling conditions for farmers to adopt and/or scale up SPS.
Análisis proximal y rendimiento de cinco especies nativas con valor forrajero
(Universidad del Zulia, 2022-01-13) Oliva, Manuel; Meléndez Mori, Jegnes Benjamín; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Milla Pino, Manuel Emilio; Leiva, Santos
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el establecimiento, crecimiento, rendimiento y valor nutritivo de cinco especies nativas con valor forrajero (Cenchrus clandestinus, Philoglossa mimuloides, Philoglossa sp., Trifolium dubium y Trifolium repens). El experimento se realizó en el distrito de Molinopampa (Perú), donde se instalaron parcelas de 30 m2. La altura de planta se midió mensualmente hasta los 90 días. El material se cortó a nivel del suelo, se pesó, se secó y se determinaron los rendimientos de forraje verde y materia seca. El valor nutricional de las muestras se realizó siguiendo el procesamiento de la AOAC. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de establecimiento más alto fue alcanzado por T. repens (89,51%). La altura de planta mostró que P. mimuloides y Philoglossa sp. registraron su mayor crecimiento entre los días 30 y 60 después del establecimiento; y además fueron las especies con mayores niveles forraje verde (7,46 y 8,04 kg/m2) y materia seca (8,58 y 8,90 t/ha). En términos de valor nutricional, T. dubium y C. clandestinus registraron los niveles más altos de proteína y fibra, respectivamente; mientras que las especies del género Philoglossa tienen mayor digestibilidad.
Effect of pruning height and organic fertilization on the morphological and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. in the Peruvian dry tropics
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024-06-18) Yalta Vela, Juan; Silva Valqui, Gelver; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pruning height (PH) and organic fertilization dose (FD) on the morphology and productive characteristics of Moringa oleifera Lam. We germinated seeds collected from 10-year-old shrubs, and 2-month-old seedlings were transplanted in the final field. We used a two-factor design of PH (PH1:0.4, PH2:0.8, and PH3:1.2m from the ground) and FD (FD0:0, FD1:500, FD2:750, and FD3:1,000 g of decomposing goat manure). We carried out an initial pruning 4 months after transplanting and the harvests every 45 days. After three consecutive harvests, PH3 improved N° branches (12.53 ± 3.09) and dry matter (21.98 ± 1.30%), but PH1 showed greater stem lengths (1.65 ± 0.24 m) (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the stems and leaf weights between PH2 and PH3, and no trait varied according to FD (p > 0.05). The PH × FD interaction can improve the plant diameter (p < 0.01) and dry matter (p < 0.05) with PH2 (56.79 ± 3.71 mm) and PH3 (23.20 ± 1.04%) from FD1. We found an increasing trend in N° branches, plant diameter (p < 0.01), and the leaf–stem ratio. However, in the third harvest, the biomass production trend was downward for a short period for an adequate replacement of nutrients from the incorporated organic fertilizer. It is recommended to prune M. oleifera at 1.2m from the ground to stimulate greater biomass and maintain the leaf–stem ratio throughout the evaluated harvests and apply more than 500 g of goat manure after each harvest to restore the nutrients extracted from the soil.
Índices reproductivos de las vacas Brown Swiss de la Estación Experimental INIA Illpa Puno Perú
(Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), 2014-10-24) Quispe, Jesús; Belizario, Celso; Huanca Mamani, Teodosio; Maquera, Zenón
En el módulo de Ganado Pardo Suizo EE INIA Illpa Puno, ubicado en los alrededores de la región lacustre de Puno se han determinado parámetros reproductivos de las vacas. El módulo se realizó bajo una ganadería semi intensiva en pradera asociada con alfalfa Dactylis y suplementada con ensilaje de avena según época (lluviosa o seca). Los datos abarcan el período 2003 - 2010 y analizados por DCA; siendo los resultados. El EPS fue de 21,66 ± 30,87 meses alcanzado con PVPS de 343,11 ± 25,71 kg; el PPE fue de 31,24 ± 6,4 meses, el IEP fue de 451,13 ± 135,65 días; IPC de 161,45 ± 135 días. La TN global fue de 76,47%, con variaciones para la producción de la campaña; lo que refleja el estado actual del manejo reproductivo del bovino Pardo Suizo en torno al lago.
Pastos de corte en campo de ganadero
(INIA. Estación Experimental Agraria El Porvenir - Tarapoto, 1999) Ibazeta Valdivieso, Hemilcie
Los pastos de corte son una alternativa para el buen manejo estabulado de la ganadería sanmartinense. El ensayo fue conducido en el fundo Manchingaico de propiedad del ganadero Bernabé Paredes Paredes que se está ubicado en el km. 17 de la carretera Tarapoto-Shapaja. El tipo de suelo es ultisol, de textura franco arenosa y topografía ondulada. El ensayo tuvo como objetivo determinar el rendimiento de forraje verde (t/ha) e incrementar el número de cortes al año. El diseño experimental utilizado fue el de Bloques Completamente Randomizados con tres repeticiones y el nivel de fertilización de 50 – 50 – 30 de N, P205,k20. Se evaluaron king grass morado, king grass verde y elefante común. King grass morado presentó mayor rendimiento de forraje verde al año con 310,24 t/ha. en 4 cortes año.
Pastos de corte en la región san Martín
(INIA. Estación Experimental Agraria El Porvenir - Tarapoto, 1999) Ibazeta Valdivieso, Hemilcie
El ensayo se instaló en los campos experimentales de la EE. “El Porvenir” en 1999, un suelo ultisol de textura arcilloso con las siguientes características químicas: pH 6,8; M.O 3,7%; N = 0,185 %; P58,19 ppm; K 121,20, ppm; Ca 22,8 meq/100 gr. suelo y Mg = 6,1 meq/100 gr. suelo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de las porciones de tallos sembrados en la producción de forrajes verde y materia seca, en los cultivares de Saccharum officinales (caña de azúcar), Pennisetum purpureum (king grass verde y king grass morado). El delineamiento experimental fue de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo factorial con tres repeticiones. El nivel de fertilización fue de 50-50-30 NPK kg/ha. La siembra con semilla (esqueje) de la porción superior del tallo presentó mayor porcentaje de prendimiento en King grass morado, caña de azúcar y king grass verde a los 21 días después de la siembra (84.3, 80.2 y 69.7 %), respectivamente. La caña de azúcar es la que obtuvo mayor rendimiento en forraje verde a las tres y seis semanas con 339 y 453 t/ha y materia seca con 63 y 94 t/ha, respectivamente.
Prevalence and risk factors of bovine Fascioliasis in Northeastern Peru
(Science Publication, 2023-07-25) Diaz Quevedo, Clavel; Frias, Hugo; Murga Valderrama, Nilton Luis; Torres Bernal, Lenin; Cayo Colca, Ilse Silvia; Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo
Bovine fascioliasis in Peru is highly prevalent in almost all regions; however, there are few studies about its prevalence in the region of Amazonas. This research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with fascioliasis from four livestock basins in the Amazonas region. A total of 941 bovine feces samples were analyzed and a prevalence of 52% was found. The highest prevalence was registered in females (53.9%), crossbred (58.6%), and producers with less than 50 animals (54.40%). The highest risk factor was for Brown Swiss (2.1), crossbreeds (2.4), heifer (4.1), females (1.4), and bovine that drinks water from streams (2.5) and waterhole (2.4). With the principal component analysis, 5 groups were identified, where the first explains that the area of the farm and the number of animals are related to the prevalence of fascioliasis. Group five indicated a relationship between the drinking water source and the breeds with the highest prevalence of fascioliasis. The results show that there are high prevalence and risk factors that affect livestock productivity and welfare. For this reason, there is a need to improve veterinary and animal health support, as well as training in livestock management, providing adequate sources of nutrition, and improving drug administration.
Seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in cattle: the case of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian southeastern tropics
(American Veterinary Medical Association, 2024-02-12) León Trinidad, Silvia Eliana; Barrantes Bravo, Christian; Feijoo Narvasta, Shefferson Gilbert Wilson; Huamán Fuertes, Ethel; Ampuero Trigoso, Gustavo; Canto Sáenz, Francys Mitchel; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in tropical cattle in the Tambopata and Tahuamanu Provinces in the department of Madre de Dios, Peru. SAMPLE 156 bovines from 7 cattle farms were sampled. These farms used exclusive grazing for food and natural mating for reproduction and did not have sanitary or vaccination programs. METHODS The serum of blood samples was subjected to ELISA with commercial kits for the detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), Leptospira interrogans, pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, retrovirus bovine leukemia virus (BLV), orbivirus bluetongue virus (BTV), and herpesvirus bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV). The data were analyzed by means of association tests with χ2 (P < .05) and Spearman rank correlation (P < .05) in the SPSS v.15.0 software (IBM Corp). RESULTS A low prevalence of antibodies to L interrogans, N caninum, M avium subsp paratuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 was found, but it was high to BTV, BLV, and BHV (100%, 53.85%, and 72.44%, respectively). The presence of BLV and BHV was higher in the Las Piedras District, bovines less than 5 years old, and cattle with breed characteristics of zebu and crossbred (P < .01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between both infections, showing 83.3% of BLV positivity that were also BHV positive (P < .01). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high prevalence of antibodies to BTV, BHV, and BLV could be due to livestock management practices, direct con tact with infected animals, and variation of the presence of vectors and natural reservoirs in the context of climate change in the tropics.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of metals and metalloids in the water of high Andean livestock micro-watersheds, Amazonas, Peru
(Elsevier, 2024-06-14) Leiva Tafur, Damaris; Rascón Barrios, Jesús; Corroto de la Fuente, Fernando; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Gamarra Torres, Oscar Andrés; Oliva Cruz, Segundo Manuel
Cattle ranching is a fundamental economic activity in northern Peru, where proper management of water resources is crucial. This study, a pioneer in the region, evaluated water quality and its suitability for human consumption, vegetable irrigation, and livestock production. It is also the first study to document the presence of metals and metalloids in vulnerable areas because they are located at the headwaters of river watersheds. The spatiotemporal evaluation of physicochemical parameters, metals, and metalloids was performed in five micro-watersheds (Cabildo, Timbambo, Pomacochas, Atuen, and Ventilla) from water samples collected in the dry season (October 2017) and wet season (March 2018). The parameters were analyzed using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results were contrasted with international and Peruvian quality standards related to dairy cow production. The highest values of pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were reported during the dry season, and the highest turbidity during the wet season. Of the metals evaluated, arsenic (As) was omnipresent in all the micro-watersheds, followed by lead (Pb). In contrast to World Health Organization regulations, concentrations of As, cadmium (Cd), Pb, and iron represent a risk; according to Peruvian regulations, As and Pb exceed the concentrations established for use in animal drinking water and vegetable irrigation, and according to water guidelines for dairy cattle, concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Al exceed the permitted limits. The high concentrations of these metals in the study area are attributable to a synergy between natural factors, such as Andean geology and livestock activity. The data reported will allow for proper water resource management, pollution prevention, and the design and adoption of mitigation measures.