Examinando por Materia "Genes"

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Comparing the differential expression of selected genes in native Peruvian potatoes in response to early and late drought conditions
(Palm Beach State College, 2017-04-01) Cornelio, Laynet; Perez, Indira; Vazquez, Carlos; Martinez, Diana; Ponce, Olga Patricia; Murata, Emi; Torres, Yerisf; Zuñiga López, Luz Noemí; Orjeda, Gisella; Maul, Dora Pilar; Merino, Carlos
Plant response to drought stress comprises growth inhibition, stomatal closure, an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and increased antioxidant metabolism, among others. Drought tolerance in plants is linked to photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Drought-inducible functional proteins include those that protect cells from water deficit and oxidation as well as transcription factors and signaling molecules associated with the water-stress response. Native potatoes from the Andean regions of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia grow at altitudes as high as 11483 ft. (3500m) above sea level. Because of their high genetic diversity, they are well adapted to the harsh environmental conditions that prevail in the high Andes, including drought. This makes them ideal candidates for gene expression studies associated with drought tolerance. St. Thomas University is collaborating with the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH, Lima, Peru), and the Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria (INIA, Huancayo, Peru) in a gene expression study in native potatoes associated with early and late drought responses. Selected drought associated candidate genes from RNA-seq analysis were used in primer design and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Differential gene expression in tolerant vs. susceptible cultivars has been confirmed for two heat shock proteins, a dehydration-response element binding protein and for a major pollen allergen.
Whole genome SNP-associated signatures of local adaptation in honeybees of the Iberian Peninsula
(Springer Nature, 2018-07-24) Henriques, Dora; Wallberg, Andreas; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Johnston, J. Spencer; Webster, Matthew; Pinto, María Alice
The availability of powerful high-throughput genomic tools, combined with genome scans, has helped identifying genes and genetic changes responsible for environmental adaptation in many organisms, including the honeybee. Here, we resequenced 87 whole genomes of the honeybee native to Iberia and used conceptually different selection methods (Samβada, LFMM, PCAdapt, iHs) together with in sillico protein modelling to search for selection footprints along environmental gradients. We found 670 outlier SNPs, most of which associated with precipitation, longitude and latitude. Over 88.7% SNPs laid outside exons and there was a significant enrichment in regions adjacent to exons and UTRs. Enrichment was also detected in exonic regions. Furthermore, in silico protein modelling suggests that several non-synonymous SNPs are likely direct targets of selection, as they lead to amino acid replacements in functionally important sites of proteins. We identified genomic signatures of local adaptation in 140 genes, many of which are putatively implicated in fitness-related functions such as reproduction, immunity, olfaction, lipid biosynthesis and circadian clock. Our genome scan suggests that local adaptation in the Iberian honeybee involves variations in regions that might alter patterns of gene expression and in protein-coding genes, which are promising candidates to underpin adaptive change in the honeybee.