Examinando por Materia "Genetic resources"

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Catálogo de yacón del Banco de Germoplasma del INIA
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-07) Santa Cruz Padilla, Angel Esteban; Vásquez Orrillo, Jorge Luis
El presente documento tiene como finalidad mostrar y valorar la diversidad biológica del yacón; dirigido a productores, técnicos e investigadores; donde se muestra de manera ilustrada y sencilla las diferentes accesiones con registros en su caracterización morfoagronómica, a fin de promover la conservación, investigación, mejoramiento genético y valoración de este recurso fitogenético.
Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a Peruvian landrace of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae), arnaucho chili pepper
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-01-05) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Ferro Mauricio, Rubén Darío; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Herrera Flores, Jordán Valentín; Contreras Liza, Sergio; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis
In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe.
La colección nacional de Capsicum respalda el aprovechamiento de ajíes en el Perú
(Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), 2011-11-23) Williams, D. W.; Ríos Lobo, Máxima Llermé; Van Zonneveld, M.
El presente documento contiene el resumen del trabajo “La colección nacional de Capsicum respalda el aprovechamiento de ajíes en el Perú”, presentando en el VIII Simposio de Recursos Genéticos para América Latina y el Caribe, realizado del 21 al 23 de noviembre de 2011, organizado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador.
Collecting wild potato species (Solanum sect. Petota) in Peru to enhance genetic representation and fill gaps in ex situ collections
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-01-30) Sotomayor Melo, Diego Alejandro; Ellis, David; Salas, Alberto; Gomez, Rene; Sánchez Díaz, Rosa Angélica; Carrillo Castillo, Fredesvinda; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Quispe, Violeta; Manrique Carpintero, Norma C.; Anglin, Noelle L.; Zorrilla Cisneros, Cinthya
Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are important sources of novel genes, due to their high variability of response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which can be invaluable for crop genetic improvement programs. Recent studies have shown that CWRs are threatened by several factors, including changes in land-use and climate change. A large proportion of CWRs are underrepresented in genebanks, making it necessary to take action to ensure their long-term ex situ conservation. With this aim, 18 targeted collecting trips were conducted during 2017/2018 in the center of origin of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), targeting 17 diverse ecological regions of Peru. This was the first comprehensive wild potato collection in Peru in at least 20 years and encompassed most of the unique habitats of potato CWRs in the country. A total of 322 wild potato accessions were collected as seed, tubers, and whole plants for ex situ storage and conservation. They belonged to 36 wild potato species including one accession of S. ayacuchense that was not conserved previously in any genebank. Most accessions required regeneration in the greenhouse prior to long-term conservation as seed. The collected accessions help reduce genetic gaps in ex situ conserved germplasm and will allow further research questions on potato genetic improvement and conservation strategies to be addressed. These potato CWRs are available by request for research, training, and breeding purposes under the terms of the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) from the Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria (INIA) and the International Potato Center (CIP) in Lima-Peru.
From neglect to limelight: Issues, methods and approaches in enhancing sustainable conservation and use of Andean grains in Bolivia and Peru
(kassel university press GmbH, 2009-01-31) Rojas, Wilfredo; Valdivia, Roberto; Padulosi, Stefano; Pinto, Milton; Soto, José Luis; Alcócer, Elsa; Guzmán, Lorena; Estrada Zúniga, Rigoberto; Apaza Mamani, Vidal; Bravo, Rosario
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), cañihua (C. pallidicaule Aellen) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) are staple crops for millions of people in the Andes (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 1989, HOLLE 1991, JACOBSEN et al. 2003). Their nutritional content (high quality proteins and good micronutrient profile), hardiness, good adaptability to environmental stresses, versatility in use, and rich associated food culture and traditions are among the reasons for their widespread use by the native civilizations of the Andes over millennia. The role of these species as a staple food has however dramatically changed in the last fifteen years due to their poor economic competitiveness with commodity cereal crops, lack of improved varieties or enhanced cultivation practices, drudgery in processing and value addition, disorganized or non-existent market chains as well as a negative image as “food of the poor” (QUEROL 1988, TAPIA et al. 1992, PADULOSI et al. 2003). Less nutritious, but more practical and trendier products made of wheat, maize and rice have been replacing Andean grains in the diets of millions of people across Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, countries whose history has been intimately linked to the domestication and use of these ancient crops (PEARSALL 1992). The reduced use of Andean grains has been accompanied by the loss of their genetic diversity with important, albeit less obvious, repercussions for the livelihoods of Andean communities in terms of reduced sustainability and resilience of local agricultural systems, wasted opportunities for improving food and nutrition security, impoverishment of local cultures resulting in reduced self esteem and identity of people (BRESSANI, 1993, KRALJEVIC 2006). As with minor millets in South Asia or leafy vegetables in sub-Saharan Africa (ONIANG’O et al., 2006), the case of Andean grains is representative of the limits of the Green Revolution approach, which concentrated its efforts on global commodity crops, missing out hundreds of other valuable species of regional or local importance and of great value to people’s livelihoods (PADULOSI 2008). The recognition that agricultural biodiversity is a strategic asset in people’s lives has promoted over the last fifteen years or so, the rediscovery of those so-called neglected and underutilized species (NUS) crops which, as in the case of Andean grains, have for too long faced marginalization from the Research and Development sector, which has not supported their continued and effective use (PADULOSI and HOESCHLE-ZELEDON 2008). Several projects and collaborative research frameworks at national and international level have been launched in support of NUS, contributing to a re-focussing of needed and deserved attention on these ‘forgotten crops’. To that end, an important role in demonstrating the value of NUS and the development of best practices, methodologies and tools for their use enhancement is being played by the ‘IFAD-NUS Project’, the first UN-supported global effort dedicated solely to the use enhancement of NUS, including quinoa, cañihua and amaranth, tackled through international participatory, multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary efforts. This article reports on the work implemented by the project in Bolivia and Peru over the last seven years, highlighting significant approaches, experiences and outputs as well as challenges and experiences during the implementation of the project, which could be valuable lessons for other similar endeavors in support of NUS.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Assessed by SSR in a Peruvian Germplasm Collection of Loche Squash (Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbitaceae)
(MDPI, 2022-03-14) Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Blas Sevillano, Raúl Humberto; Ugás, Roberto
Loche is an ancient landrace of squash from Northern Peru, notable for its vegetative re-production and lack of seeds in fruits. To date, very little is known about its genetics. Here, we used 21 simple sequence repeats to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of a collection of 100 samples of loche from three localities in Peru, and 10 samples of related species, C. pepo and C. maxima (110 accessions in total). A total 85 bands were manually scored, obtaining an average of 4.05 alleles per locus. UPGMA clustering method and principal coordinate analysis showed a clear identification between the three species of Cucurbita. Population structure analysis clustered the 110 accessions into five populations: (i) three of loche, (ii) one of C. pepo, and (iii) one of C. maxima. Genetic diversity estimation was conducted considering only the three groups (populations) of loche identified, which was 0.024 as an average. AMOVA revealed the greatest variation between populations (79.66%) and indicated that variability within populations is 20.33%. Vegetative prop-agation by means of stem cuttings and cultivation in a very restricted geographical area would ex-plain the rather low diversity of loche. This in turn would suggest that the apparent variation ob-served in fruit shape may be explained by somatic mutation and/or environmental factors.
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of Creole goats from northern Peru
(Elsevier, 2024-04-24) Corredor Arizapana, Flor Anita; Figueroa Venegas, Deyanira Antonella; Estrada Cañari, Richard; Burgos Paz, William; Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Cruz Góngora, Wilder; Lobato Gálvez, Roiser Honorio; Injante Silva, Pedro Hugo; Godoy Padilla, David José; Barrantes Bravo, Christian Alfredo; Ganoza Roncal, Jorge Juan; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Goat farming constitutes a significant source of income for farmers in northern Peru. There is currently an absence of information about the genetics of Peruvian Creole goats that would enable us to understand their origins and genetic spread. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of Creole goats from northern Peru using SNP markers. This study involved the collection of 192 male Creole goats from three key goat production geographical departments in northern Peru. These goat samples were genotyped using the GGPGoat70k SNP panel. To explore the genetic influence of other breeds on Peruvian Creole goats, our dataset was combined with previously published SNP genotypes. External data set includes multiple breeds genotypes sampled from Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Alpine breed from Italy, France, and Switzerland. After quality control 52,832 autosomal SNPs were used to assess genetic diversity in the Peruvian goats. For the population structure analysis of the merged data 20,513 common SNPs were used. Estimations for expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were computed for the Peruvian groups. AMOVA, principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE were conducted to evaluate the population structure in the two data sets, Peru and merged. The results revealed a considerable genetic diversity, with Ho values ranging from 0.40 to 0.41 for the Peruvian sampling groups, and inbreeding coefficient was notably low for Peruvian goat. The population structure analysis demonstrated a distinction (p < 0.05) from other breeds. These findings suggest a level of genetic differentiation of the Peruvian goat population among other breeds, although further research is needed considering samples from other Peruvian areas. We expect this study will contribute to define genetic management strategies to prevent the loss of genetic diversity in Peruvian goat populations and for upcoming advancements in this field.
Guía de manejo agronómico de oca para conservación ex situ
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, 2023-11-30) Zuniga Bernal, Mary; Tumpay Sucno, Luis Albert
El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), a través de la Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología (DRGB) ha desarrollado la “Guía de manejo agronómico de oca para conservación ex situ” que evidencia el conocimiento generado por los investigadores del INIA. De este modo, la presente guía se pone a disposición de productores, profesionales, técnicos y público en general interesado en el cultivo de oca.
Participatory domestication of agroforestry trees: An example from the Peruvian Amazon
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2001-08-01) Sotelo Montes, Carmen; Vidaurre Arévalo, Héctor; Weber, John C.; Simons, Anthony; Dawson, Ian
Valuable tree genetic resources are declining around many farming communities in the Peruvian Amazon, limiting farmers' options for economic development. The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry is working with farming communities to increase productivity and long-term sustainability of their forests, and to empower them to conserve tree genetic resources. This paper describes some principles of participatory tree domestication, and how researchers are working with farmers to select improved planting materials, reduce the risk of poor tree adaptation, produce and deliver high-quality planting material, and scale up participatory tree domestication.
Unlocking the Complete Chloroplast Genome of a Native Tree Species from the Amazon Basin, Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth., Rubiaceae), and Its Comparative Analysis with Other Ixoroideae Species
(MDPI, 2021-11-29) Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Rodriguez Grados, Pedro; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Feijoo Narvasta, Shefferson; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Jhoncon, Jorge H.; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) belongs to subfamily Ixoroideae, one of de major lineages in the Rubiaceae family, and is an important timber tree, with origin in the Amazon Basin and has widespread distribution in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. In this study, we obtained the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of capirona from department of Madre de Dios located in the Peruvian Amazon. High-quality genomic DNA was used to construct librar-ies. Pair-end clean reads were obtained by PE 150 library and the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The complete cp genome of C. spruceanum has a 154,480 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (84,813 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,101 bp), separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,783 bp). The annotation of C. spruceanum cp genome predicted 87 protein-coding genes (CDS), 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 01 pseudogene. A total of 41 simple sequence repeats (SSR) of this cp genome were divided into mononucleotides (29), dinucleotides (5), trinucleotides (3), and tetranucleotide (4). Most of these repeats were distributed in the noncoding regions. Whole chloroplast genome comparison with the other six Ixoroideae species revealed that the small single copy and large single copy regions showed more divergence than invert regions. Finally, phylogenetic analysis resolved that C. spruceanum is a sister species to Emmenopterys henryi, and confirms its position within the subfamily Ixoroideae. This study reports for the first time the genome organization, gene content, and structural features of the chloroplast genome of C. spruceanum, providing valuable information for genetic and evolutionary studies in the genus Calycophyllum and beyond.
Unlocking the complete chloroplast genome of a native tree species from the Amazon Basin, capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum, Rubiaceae), and Its comparative analysis with other Ixoroideae species
(MDPI, 2022-01-07) Saldaña Serrano, Carla Lizet; Rodriguez Grados, Pedro Manuel; Chávez Galarza, Julio César; Feijoo Narvasta, Shefferson Gilbert Wilson; Guerrero Abad, Juan Carlos; Vásquez Pérez, Héctor Vladimir; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Jhoncon, Jorge H.; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin
Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.) belongs to subfamily Ixoroideae, one of the major lineages in the Rubiaceae family, and is an important timber tree. It originated in the Amazon Basin and has widespread distribution in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. In this study, we obtained the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of capirona from the department of Madre de Dios located in the Peruvian Amazon. High-quality genomic DNA was used to construct libraries. Pair-end clean reads were obtained by PE 150 library and the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The complete cp genome of C. spruceanum has a 154,480 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (84,813 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,101 bp), separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,783 bp). The annotation of C. spruceanum cp genome predicted 87 protein-coding genes (CDS), 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one pseudogene. A total of 41 simple sequence repeats (SSR) of this cp genome were divided into mononucleotides (29), dinucleotides (5), trinucleotides (3), and tetranucleotides (4). Most of these repeats were distributed in the noncoding regions. Whole chloroplast genome comparison with the other six Ixoroideae species revealed that the small single copy and large single copy regions showed more divergence than inverted regions. Finally, phylogenetic analyses resolved that C. spruceanum is a sister species to Emmenopterys henryi and confirms its position within the subfamily Ixoroideae. This study reports for the first time the genome organization, gene content, and structural features of the chloroplast genome of C. spruceanum, providing valuable information for genetic and evolutionary studies in the genus Calycophyllum and beyond.