Examinando por Materia "Legumes"

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Caracterización agromorfológica de accesiones de Phaseolus spp., en la región Amazonas, Perú
(Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), 2024-05-01) Vásquez García, Jheiner; Vilca Valqui, Nuri Carito; Malqui Ramos, Roiber; Fernández, Elizabeth; Duarez Vera, Edwin; Ayala, Rosmery
El Perú cuenta con una alta diversidad genética de leguminosas andinas, especialmente del género Phaseolus. Su identificación a través de descriptores agromorfológicos es trascendental para impulsar su conservación y desarrollar estudios de mejoramiento genético. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar morfológica y agronómicamente 58 accesiones de frijol (Phaseolus spp) depositadas en el banco de germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria del Perú. Para ello, se utilizaron 24 descriptores cuantitativos y 18 cualitativos que se evaluaron en la fenología de cada accesión. El análisis de conglomerados y de correspondencias múltiples, permitió identificar la formación de cuatro grupos en función de sus características semejantes. El mayor número de accesiones se localizaron en el tercer y cuarto grupo. Sin embargo, las siete accesiones que conformaron el segundo grupo, exhibieron características promisorias por presentar alta productividad (2777,86 kg•ha-1), con semillas blancas, de aceptables dimensiones, con una germinación epigea temprana (10 días), hojas ovado-lanceoladas de crecimiento indeterminado (174,79 cm de altura de planta) que desarrollan numerosas guías. Además, mostraron una floración prolongada (33,86 días) con pétalos rosados y blancos, que dan origen a un mayor número de vainas (66,71 por planta) de color verde hasta alcanzar su madurez fisiológica. Estas son cualidades que las convierten en fuente valiosa para la implementación apropiada de futuros programas de mejoramiento genético.
Morpho-Physiological response of four native accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. subjected to water stress under greenhouse conditions in northeastern Peru
(MDPI, 2024-09-06) Santillan Huaman, Anlly; Tejada Alvarado, José Jesús; García, Ligia; Vásquez García, Jheiner; Fernandez Huaytalla, Elizabeth; Vilca Valqui, Nuri Carito; Oliva Cruz, Manuel
Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a legume of high nutraceutical value, widely cultivated and consumed. However, common bean production faces challenges such as water stress that severely affects its growth and yield. This study evaluated the morphological and physiological response of four native P. vulgaris accessions subjected to different irrigation treatments under greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was used, evaluating three irrigation frequencies (100%, 50%, 25%) in combination with four accessions (PER1003541, PER1003542, PER1003543, PER1003544). The results showed that with the 25% irrigation treatment, PER1003544 showed a 54.62% decrease in leaf area, while PER1003542 and PER1003543 experienced reductions of 56.56% and 59.24%, respectively. In addition, accession PER1003544 reported a smaller reduction in the number of flowers and pods, with decreases of 40.21% and 29.9%, in contrast to PER1003543, which showed decreases of 60.66% and 52.63%, respectively. Accessions PER1003541 and PER1003544 also recorded the lowest reductions in dry biomass, with 31.85%and 35.41%, respectively. Regarding yield, PER1003544 and PER1003541 experienced reductions of 59.01% and 69.79%, respectively, unlike PER1003543, which showed a 90% decrease. In relation to stomatal density, PER1003541 recorded a reduction of 28.28%, while PER1003544 had a decrease of 37.10%, and PER1003543 experienced a reduction of 47.05%; chlorophyll content showed a similar trend. Finally, PER1003544 maintained a relatively stable stomatal index, with a reduction of 29.01%, compared to PER1003543, which reduced by 60.99%. In conclusion, accession PER1003544 stands out as a promising variety for breeding programs focused on water stress tolerance, contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability in areas affected by limited water availability. However, PER1003541 would be a suitable additional option, offering farmers flexibility in their crop selection according to the specific conditions of their environment.
Physiological characterization and bioactive compounds of promising accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the Peruvian Amazon
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024-05-07) Murga Orrillo, Hipolito; Chuquímez Gonzales, Jhon Kevin; Arévalo López, Luis Alberto
Cowpea production in the Peruvian Amazon is increasing due to its ability to adapt to diverse environments, its contribution to soil conservation, and its versatility of uses. This crop is particularly valuable in human nutrition due to its high nutritional quality and nutraceutical properties of its bioactive compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiology of cowpea plants in accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, under the influence of rice husk mulch, screw tree litter, and oil palm fiber, as well as to determine the bioactive compounds present in the grains. This study aims to promote sustainable cowpea production, expose the nutritional aspects of the grains, and foster their consumption both locally and nationally. The experiment was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023, in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. The application of organic mulches demonstrates a significantly positive impact on the growth of cowpea accessions during their vegetative phase. This effect is possibly attributed to increased water availability, as the mulch reduces soil evaporation. In particular, cowpea accessions PER12645 and PER1005851 exhibit desirable physiological characteristics for grain production, with short cycles of 71 days and higher yields of 1141 and 1125 kg/ha respectively. In contrast, accession PER1005854 is distinguished by its higher biomass production, reaching a value of 14497 kg/ha, a relevant trait for foliage production and its contribution to soil conservation. The bioactive compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, present in the accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, are similar to those found in other legumes. However, the antioxidant activity of dark tegument cowpeas proved to be superior, particularly highlighted in accession PER12645 (black tegument) with 26.3 μmolTG/g, and in accession PER1005854 (dark red tegument) with 19.5 μmolTG/g. This characteristic is particularly important for consumption, as it is related to the ability to combat oxidative stress in the human body.