Examinando por Materia "Materia orgánica del suelo"

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Effects of earthworms on soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics at a landscape scale over decades
(CRC Press, 2004-03-29) Lavelle, Patrick; Charpentier, Fabienne; Villenave, Cécile; Rossi, Jean Pierre; Derouard, Laurent; Pashanasi Amasifuen, Beto; Andre, Jean; Ponge, Jean François; Bernier, Nicolas
After several decades of unquestioned success, agriculture is now facing important global problems. Huge increases in productivity in developed countries have been accompanied by a severe depletion of “soil quality” in terms of resistance to erosion, organic contents, concentrations of heavy metals, and pesticide residues. Agricultural intensification in developing countries has been less successful because of various socioeconomic limitations. Nevertheless, traditional agricultural practices do not conserve the quality of soils; stocks of organic matter are rapidly becoming depleted, and erosion removes fine particles from the soil surface horizons. In a context of increasing human population pressures, particularly in developing countries, this degradation of soils results in many social and environmental problems (Eswaran 1994; FAO 2000). Features common to all kinds of soil degradation are a significant decrease in organic reserves, degradation of the soil structure, and severe depletion of soil invertebrate communities, especially earthworms (Decaëns et al. 1994; Lavelle et al. 1994).
The effects of the inoculation of bacterial microorganisms (Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) on soil quality, aerial biomass and nutritional quality of native grasses under field conditions in the Peruvian highlands
(Soil Science Society of Poland, 2026-04-15) Arias Arredondo, Alberto Gilmer; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel Edwin; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Verástegui Martínez, Patricia; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Peruvian highland ecosystems cover approximately 22 million hectares and provide key ecosystem services that support human well-being and food security. Soil functioning in these ecosystems largely depends on the activity of microbial communities. This study evaluated the effects of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. inoculation on soil chemical properties, aerial biomass production, and nutritional quality of Festuca dolichophylla, Jarava ichu and Cinnagrostis vicunarum. A field experiment was conducted at 4379 m a.s.l. in the central Peruvian highlands. Bacterial inoculation increased soil organic matter and nitrogen availability in plots dominated by J. ichu and F. dolichophylla inoculated with Bacillus sp., compared to non-inoculated controls. Higher soil phosphorus content was observed in C. vicunarum pastures inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. In terms of biomass production, significant increases were recorded in C. vicunarum under both bacterial inoculations and in F. dolichophylla associated with Bacillus sp., while J. ichu showed higher yields with Pseudomonas sp. In addition, bacterial inoculation improved forage nutritional quality, particularly total protein, calcium, and phosphorus contents in J. ichu, highlighting species-specific plant–microorganism interactions. Overall, the inoculation of beneficial bacteria represents a promising and environmentally sustainable strategy to improve soil quality, forage productivity, and nutritional value in native highland grasslands, contributing to more resilient rangeland systems and the conservation of ecosystem services.