Examinando por Materia "Maturity"

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Performance and physiological quality of Escallonia resinosa seeds: prospects for their use in reforestation and restoration
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-12-10) Huayta Hinojosa, Luis David; Nolasco Lozano, Emily Gisella Ninfa; Guerra, Damaris; Hermoza Gamboa, Joel; Quispe Melgar, Harold Rusbelth
In the Andes, many native forest species are not used in reforestation or restoration programs mainly due to a lack of information about their propagation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the seeds of Escallonia resinosa by analyzing fruit and seed productivity and characteristics, seed physiological quality, and the germination rate of seeds collected at different stages of fruit physiological maturity, using tetrazolium and standard germination tests. Our results show an estimated production (mean ± SD) of 34,252.5 ± 25,900 fruits per tree and 26.5 ± 20 million seeds per tree. Seed length was 1.0 ± 0.13 mm and seed weight was 12.4 ± 1 μg. We recognized two different morphological types of seeds: Type I seeds (lacking testa) were unviable, whereas all Type II seeds (with testa) germinated. Seed viability and germination rates were 10.5 and 48.6%, respectively; therefore, the viability test underestimated the actual germination rate. Morphological or microsite variables of the parent tree did not influence seed viability or germination. Germination rates were highest (41.8 ± 2.5%) for the seeds of fruits harvested at the initial maturity stage (green fruits). Our results show that E. resinosa is a species with potential for reforestation and restoration projects in the Andes: it has high seed production and good germination performance, and seeds can be harvested from fruits collected at different stages of physiological maturity.
The effect of hydrothermal treatment on metabolite composition of hass avocados stored in a controlled atmosphere
(MDPI, 2021-11-10) Chirinos, Rosana; Campos, David; Martínez, Sofía; Llanos, Sílfida; Betalleluz Pallardel, Indira; García Ríos, Diego; Pedreschi, Romina
Avocado cv. Hass consumption has expanded worldwide given its nutritional, sensory, and functional attributes. In this work, avocado fruit from two harvests was subjected to hydrothermal treatment (38 °C for 1 h) or left untreated (control) and then stored for 30 and 50 days in a controlled atmosphere (4 kPa O2 and 6 kPa CO2 at 7 °C) (HTCA and CA, respectively) with subsequent ripening at ~20 °C. The fruit was evaluated for primary and secondary metabolites at harvest, after storage, and after reaching edible ripeness. A decrease from harvest to edible ripeness in mannoheptulose and perseitol was observed while β-sitosterol, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity (H-AOX, L-AOX), abscisic acid, and total phenolics (composed of p-coumaric and caffeic acids such as aglycones or their derivatives) increased. HTCA fruit at edible ripeness displayed higher contents of mannoheptulose, perseitol, β-sitosterol, L-AOX, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid derivatives, while CA fruit presented higher contents of α-tocopherol, H-AOX, and syringic acid glycoside for both harvests and storage times. The results indicate that a hydrothermal treatment prior to CA enables fruit of high nutritional value characterized by enhanced content of phenolic compounds at edible ripeness to reach distant markets.