Examinando por Materia "Microbial diversity"

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Age-dependent changes in protist and fungal microbiota in a peruvian cattle genetic nucleus
(MDPI, 2024-08-14) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Quilcate Pairazamán, Carlos Enrique; Dipaz Berrocal, Deisy Juana; Alejos Asencio, Carol Silvia; Leon Trinidad, Silvia Eliana; Alvarez García, Wesley Yusmein; Rojas, Diorman; Alvarado, Wigoberto; Maicelo Quintana, Jorge Luis; Arbizu, Carlos Irvin
In this research, the connection between age and microbial diversity in cattle was explored, revealing significant changes in both protist diversity and fungal microbiota composition with age. Using fecal samples from 21 Simmental cattle, microbial communities were analyzed through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Results indicated significant differences in alpha protist diversity among the three age groups, while fungal composition varied notably with age and was linked to hematological parameters. Despite the stability of fungal alpha diversity, compositional changes suggest the gut as a stable niche for microbial colonization influenced by diet, clinical parameters, and microbial interactions. All cattle were maintained on a consistent diet, tailored to meet the specific nutritional needs of each age group. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding age-related microbial dynamics to enhance livestock management and animal health, contributing to broader ecological and biomedical research. This study was limited by the lack of comprehensive metabolic analyses correlating microbiota changes with specific age-related variations, indicating a need for further research in this área.
Changes in bulk and rhizosphere soil microbial diversity communities of native quinoa due to the monocropping in the Peruvian Central Andes
(MDPI, 2023-07-28) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Cosme de la Cruz, Roberto Carlos; Porras Valencia, Angie Tatiana; Reynoso Zárate, Auristela Florencia; Calderon, Constatino; Arbizu Berrocal, Carlos Irvin; Arone, Gregorio J.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a highly nutritious crop that is resistant to adverse conditions. Due to the considerable increase in its commercial production in Andean soils, the plant is suffering the negative effects of monocropping, which reduces its yield. We used for the first time a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal and bacterial communities of the bulk and rhizosphere in soils of native C. quinoa affected by monocropping in the central Andes of Peru. The results showed that the bacterial and fungal community structure among the treatments was significantly changed by the monocropping and the types of soil (rhizosphere and bulk). Also, in soils subjected to monocropping, there was an increase in Actinobacteria and a decrease in Proteobacteria, and the reduction in the presence of Ascomycota and the increase in Basidiomycota. By alpha-diversity indices, lower values of bacteria and fungi were observed in the monoculture option compared to the soil not affected by monocropping, and sometimes significant differences were found between both. We detected differentially abundant phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria with growth-stimulating effects on plants. Also, we denoted a decrease in the abundance of the functional predictions in bacteria in the monocropped soils. This research will serve as a starting point to explore the importance and effects of microorganisms in degraded soils and their impact on the growth and quality of quinoa crops.
Respuesta del maíz a la aplicación de consorcio microbiano y su combinación con biol, en condiciones de trópico seco
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-05-10) Díaz Chuquizuta, Percy; Díaz Chuquizuta, Henry; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi
Antecedentes: El empleo de abonos orgánicos se presenta como una medida efectiva para combatir la degradación de los suelos y potenciar el rendimiento de los cultivos. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la aplicación consorcios microbianos y su acción combinada con abono líquido fermentado (biol), sobre el rendimiento de grano de maíz, en miras de una agricultura familiar sostenible en condiciones de trópico seco. Metodología: Se utilizó el diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar en parcelas divididas, con tres bloques, teniendo como parcelas grandes a los cultivares y las subparcelas estuvieron conformados por cuatro biofermentos y un tratamiento testigo. Como biofermento se tuvo Consorcio microbiano (CM), BIOL+CM y BIOL+EM-1, comparado con producto comercial Microorganismos Eficientes (EM-1) y testigo sin aplicación. Se evaluó días a la floración masculina y femenina, altura de planta y mazorca, área foliar, diámetro y rendimiento de grano, y las características físico y químicas después de la aplicación de los biofermentos. Resultados: La aplicación de BIOL+CM en la variedad Marginal 28T, contribuyo a tener mayor altura de planta (164.17 cm) y mazorca (65.83 cm), área foliar (361.17 cm2), mejorando también el rendimiento de grano la variedad Marginal 28T (3.42 tꞏha-1) y del hibrido HS-1 (3.02 tꞏha-1). Implicaciones: Emplear consorcios microbianos de fuentes locales en combinación con Biol mejorar significativamente el rendimiento agronómico de maíz amarillo duro y aporta en mantener las condiciones físicas químicas del suelo, propiciando su mejora. Conclusión: La variedad Marginal 28T y el hibrido HS-1, responde de manera satisfactoria a la aplicación de consorcios microbianos en especial del BIOL+CM siendo una alternativa para agricultura familiar en condiciones de trópico seco.
Use of a microbial nexus system in high andean areas: effectiveness and feasibility for wastewater treatment
(CRC Press, 2024-08-01) Hualpa Cutipa, Edwin; Solorzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Alfaro Cancino, Milagros Estefani; Luis Alaya, Bernabe
High altitudes harbor several microbial species with unique properties, mainly because of their climatic and geographic characteristics that limit their adaptation. At present, several environmental problems are endangering the health of our planet, among which the pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most important. Wastewater from various industries is treated before being released into the environment, but the strategies used are insufficiently effective, causing environmental problems. New methodologies have been proposed that are based on the implementation of microbial niches that are associated with wastewater treatment systems. Searching for microorganisms in native environments is an important step in establishing new microbial niches related to wastewater treatment. This is mainly because these indigenous microorganisms possess very versatile characteristics, which can be exploited to improve the efficiency of treating wastewater. A specific microbial community is used to degrade pollutants at each stage of biological wastewater treatment. To ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process, the coupling of microbial niches in wastewater treatment is essential. In addition, this technique is more economical and environmentally friendly than other alternatives. This makes it an attractive option for wastewater treatment. Thus, this chapter attempts to address the main advantages of using microbial niches inhabiting the high Andean areas and their integration in wastewater treatment. In addition, new strategies will be proposed to study and recover these native microbes with high genetic value for application in different pollutant treatment systems.