Examinando por Materia "Purple corn"

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Adaptability, Yield Stability, and Agronomic Performance of Improved Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Across Diverse Agro-Ecological Zones in Peru
(MDPI, 2025-12-25) Garcia Pando, Gilberto Arquimides; Montero Bances, Fernando; Torres Limascca, Maria Elena; Alvarez Contreras, Selwyn Omar; Vasquez Damiano, Wildo; Villantoy Palomino, Abraham; Ruiz, Yoel; Escobal Valencia, Fernando; Cántaro Segura, Hector Baroni; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is a nutraceutical crop of increasing economic importance in Peru, yet its productivity is highly influenced by genotype × environment (G × E) interactions across heterogeneous agro-ecological zones. Therefore, selecting suitable genotypes for specific environments is essential to optimize variety deployment and maximize site-specific yield. Five purple-maize genotypes (INIA-601, INIA-615, Canteño, PMV-581, and Sintético-MM) were evaluated in four contrasting Peruvian sites using a randomized complete-block design. Grain yield, field weight, anthesis–silking interval (ASI), plant height, and ear-rot incidence were analyzed with combined analysis of variance (ANOVA), the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplots, Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAAS), weighted average of absolute scores and best yield index (WAASBY), and Y × WAAS indices. Environment accounted for 90.1% of field-weight variation (p < 0.0001) and 50.2% of grain-yield variation (p < 0.001), while significant G × E interactions (3.93% and 18.14%, respectively) justified bilinear modeling. AMMI1 and GGE "which-won-where" biplots identified INIA-615 and PMV-581 as broadly adapted, with INIA-615 achieving the highest WAASBY and positioning in quadrant IV of Y × WAAS (high yield, high stability). INIA-601 and Sintético-MM exhibited exceptional stability (low ASV) but moderate productivity; Canteño showed limited adaptability. Chumbibamba emerged as a key discriminating, high-productivity location. From an agronomic perspective, INIA-615 is recommended for high-productivity valleys such as Sulluscocha and Santa Rita, where its yield potential and stability are maximized. These findings underscore the potential of integrating multivariate stability metrics with physiological and disease-resistance traits to guide the selection of superior purple corn cultivars. Overall, INIA-615 represents a robust candidate for enhancing yield stability, supporting sustainable intensification, and expanding the nutraceutical value chain of purple corn in the Andean highlands.
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as a strategy to reduce nitrogen fertilization in cultivating purple maize (Zea mays l.) in the Inter-andean valleys of Peru
(MDPI, 2024-10-21) Condori Ataupillco, Tatiana; Alarcón Romani, Susan; Huasasquiche Sarmiento, Lucero; García Blásquez, Cayo; Padilla Castro, César; Velásquez Mantari, José; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogenfixing microorganisms, such as those from the Azospirillum genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with A. brasilense and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with A. brasilense) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg・ha−1, applied as urea). Inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the no inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg・ha−1) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the A. brasilense inoculation treatment with 90 kg N・ha−1 was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N・ha−1. These results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N・ha-1 without compromising performance in key parameters.
Manual de producción de semillas de calidad de maíz morado INIA 615 – Negro Canaán
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - INIA, 2025-12-29) Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocío; Toledo Choquehuanca, José Jesús Martín; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Amaya Castillo, Jorge Augusto
En el Perú, el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) es un pilar fundamental de nuestra herencia cultural y social que viene siendo cultivado desde las zonas costeras hasta los 3 200 m s. n. m. En este contexto, el maíz morado destaca como un producto nutracéutico y un verdadero “súper alimento”. Sus excepcionales propiedades antioxidantes, anticancerígenas y antiinflamatorias provienen de los altos niveles de antocianinas presentes en la coronta, el grano y las brácteas, brindándole una ventaja competitiva en el mercado internacional e impulsando su creciente demanda global. La producción de semillas de alta calidad es una actividad estratégica para el desarrollo agrícola sostenible del país. Un manejo adecuado no solo contribuye a conservar la pureza genética de las variedades nativas, protegiendo un valioso patrimonio cultural, sino que también mejora los rendimientos en campo, favoreciendo el fortalecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria nacional. El Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), cumpliendo con las funciones asignadas por el Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), desempeña un rol crucial en la preservación de estas semillas nativas. En el Perú, la producción anual de maíz morado alcanza aproximadamente 11 500 toneladas, con un rendimiento promedio de 2.31 t/ha. Las regiones de sierra centro y sur del Perú, demuestran un alto potencial de siembra de este cultivo, con un rendimiento promedio de 7 t/ha; muy superior al promedio nacional. Esta diferencia resalta la importancia de optimizar las prácticas de producción, selección y conservación de semillas.