Examinando por Materia "Recursos genéticos vegetales"

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Adapting agriculture to climate change: A synopsis of coordinated national crop wild relative seed collecting programs across five continents
(MDPI, 2022-07-13) Eastwood, Ruth J.; Tambam, Beri B.; Aboagye, Lawrence Misa; Akparov, Zeynal I.; Aladele, Sunday E.; Allen, Richard; Amri, Ahmed; Anglin, Noelle L.; Araya, Rodolfo; Arrieta Espinoza, Griselda; Asgerov, Aydin; Awang, Khadijah; Awas, Tesfaye; Barata, Ana Maria; Kwasi Boateng, Samuel; Magos Brehm, Joana; Breidy, Joelle; Breman, Elinor; Brenes Angulo, Arturo; Burle, Marília L.; Castañeda Álvarez, Nora P.; Casimiro, Pedro; Chaves, Néstor F.; Clemente, Adelaide S.; Cockel, Christopher P.; Davey, Alexandra; De la Rosa, Lucía; Debouck, Daniel G.; Dempewolf, Hannes; Dokmak, Hiba; Ellis, David; Faruk, Aisyah; Freitas, Cátia; Galstyan, Sona; García, Rosa M.; Ghimire, Krishna H.; Guarino, Luigi; Harker, Ruth; Hope, Roberta; Humphries, Alan W.; Jamora, Nelissa; Ahmad Jatoi, Shakeel; Khutsishvili, Manana; Kikodze, David; Kyratzis, Angelos C.; León Lobos, Pedro; Liu, Udayangani; Mainali, Ram P.; Mammadov, Afig T.; Manrique Carpintero, Norma C.; Manzella, Daniele; Mohd Shukri, Mat Ali; Medeiros, Marcelo B.; Mérida Guzmán, María A.; Mikatadze Pantsulaia, Tsira; Ibrahim Mohamed, El Tahir; Monteros Altamirano, Álvaro; Morales, Aura; Müller, Jonas V.; Mulumba, John W.; Nersesyan, Anush; Nóbrega, Humberto; Nyamongo, Desterio O.; Obreza, Matija; Okere, Anthony U.; Orsenigo, Simone; Ortega Klose, Fernando; Papikyan, Astghik; Pearce, Timothy R.; Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel A. A.; Prohens, Jaime; Rossi, Graziano; Salas, Alberto; Singh Shrestha, Deepa; Uddin Siddiqui, Sadar; Smith, Paul P.; Sotomayor Melo, Diego Alejandro; Tacán, Marcelo; Tapia, César; Toledo, Álvaro; Toll, Jane; Vu, Dang Toan; Tuong, Dang Vu; Way, Michael J.; Yazbek, Mariana; Zorrilla Cisneros, Cinthya; Kilian, Benjamin
The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.
Exploring the Agromorphological Profiles of the Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Collection from the INIA Germplasm Bank in the Amazonas Region, Peru
(MDPI (Preprints), 2025-09-22) Tejada Alvarado, José Jesús; Vilca Valqui, Nuri Carito; Montenegro Acuña, Luis Alberto; Parco Quinchori, Jhimy Andy; Fernández Huaytalla, Elizabeth
Cacao represents a crop of strategic importance for Peru due to its socioeconomic value, which has driven initiatives for the collection, characterization, and conservation of its genetic diversity, with a view to the future development of elite plants. As part of these efforts, a collection of 113 accessions was established, with agromorphological data were recorded over two consecutive growing seasons, comprising 33 quantitative and 18 qualitative descriptors. These data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical approaches, as well as Bayesian inference models. The results revealed broad phenotypic diversity, with significant variation in quantitative fruit and seed descriptors (CV = 37.51%), which was accompanied by high heritability values (> 60%) and considerable genetic advance (> 20%). Furthermore, eight phenotypic groups were identified, with Cluster II distinguished by its oblong fruits and higher pod index, and Cluster III by superior seed traits, including a greater number of fully developed seeds per fruit and an outstanding seed index (> 1.3 g). This comprehensive characterization enables the identification of accessions with promising agronomic traits and high bioactive potential, supported by phytochemical analyses using HPLC and FTIR. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for breeding programs focused on developing more competitive and sustainable cacao production.