Examinando por Materia "Soil"

Mostrando 1 - 6 de 6

El biofertilizante líquido fermentado de residuos de camal mejora el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-08-06) Samaniego Vivanco, Tomás Daniel; Pérez Porras, Wendy Elizabeth; Lastra Paúcar, Sphyros; Verme Mustiga, Ezio; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
La aplicación exclusiva de fertilizantes sintéticos u orgánicos sigue generando polémica. La evidencia muestra que su aplicación conjunta puede mejorar la nutrición de los cultivos, evitar el uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos y amortiguar su efecto contaminante en el suelo. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de dosis de fertilización orgánica y mineral sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz amarillo duro Megahíbrido 619 INIA empleando un biofertilizante líquido derivado de la fermentación de residuos de camal. Metodología: Mediante un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 4x2, se ensayaron cuatro dosis de fertilización química NPK y la aplicación del biofertilizante. La fertilización mineral se fraccionó en dos partes, mientras que las aplicaciones del biofertilizante fermentado de residuos de camal se realizaron vía drench durante el crecimiento vegetativo y entre las etapas de panojamiento y llenado de grano a una dosis de 50 L. ha-1 de producto. Resultados: El uso del biofertilizante líquido (K1) tuvo un impacto positivo en el crecimiento, con un efecto equiparable en la altura y área foliar de la planta al aplicar una dosis media de fertilización química (F2_K1). La dosis más baja de fertilización química en combinación con el biofertilizante (F1_K1) obtuvo un índice de cosecha estadísticamente superior (+14%) en comparación con el la fertilización completa (F3_K1). Implicaciones: Si bien las fertilizaciones más altas no produjeron rendimientos superiores, es posible que en otras condiciones y con otros híbridos de maíz sí se observen diferencias significativas. Conclusión: La aplicación del biofertilizante líquido junto con una dosis reducida de fertilización mineral permite obtener un mayor índice de cosecha y rendimientos comparables con el uso de una fertilización mineral completa en el maíz amarillo.
Ecología de los humedales altoandinos del norte de Ayacucho y sur de Huancavelica, Perú
(Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), 2014-10-24) Mamani Mamani, Godofredo; García, A.
El estudio se realizó en 12 humedales de las provincias de Huamanga, Cangallo (Ayacucho) y Huaytará (Huancavelica) con el fin de determinar su estado ecológico actual para el desarrollo de planes de conservación y manejo. Se evaluaron parámetros de suelo, agua y vegetación. Los suelos de los humedales se caracterizan por ser poco profundos a profundos (35-150 cm), con alto contenido de materia orgánica (4,6 a 100%), moderada a fuertemente ácidos (3,3 a 6,3), baja densidad aparente (0,1 a 0,8 g/cm3) y alta capacidad de campo (50,8 a 1002,4%). El agua de los humedales tiene una temperatura fría (1,3 a 13,7 °C), turbidez baja a media (0,6 a 12,1 NTU), fuertemente ácida a alcalina (4,1 a 8,1), baja en TDS (23,0 a 184,0 mg/lt) Nitrato (0016-0104 mg/lt), y fosfatos (0015-0091 mg/lt) y alta DBO5 (2 a 14,0 mg/lt). La flora está dominada por Distichia muscoides, Alchemilla diplophylla, Aciachne acicularis, Azorella diapenzoides y Festuca rigescens con una cobertura vegetal de regular a buena (61,5 a 100%), una riqueza media (5-13 especies) y una biomasa forrajera baja (152 a 1004 kg MS/ha). En el análisis entre humedales, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en las variables Densidad aparente, Profundidad del suelo, Materia orgánica, Turbidez, Temperatura del agua y Contenido en fosfatos, lo que dio lugar a 4 grupos de humedales. La biomasa forrajera y la riqueza de especies no se relacionaron con las variables suelo y agua (p>0,05), estos resultados pueden indicar que otros factores ambientales y humanos pueden estar afectando a estas variables.
Evaluating soil rhizobacteria for their ability to enhance plant growth and tuber yield in potato
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2010-08-17) Oswald, A; Calvo Velez, P.; Zúñiga Dávila, Doris Elizabeth; Arcos Pineda, Jesus Heraclides
The objectives of this study were to identify promising microorganisms to improve potato productivity in low-input systems of tropical highlands and to compare results from in vitro, greenhouse and field experiments to advance the development of a screening method for rhizobacteria and develop an efficient assessment of their effect on plant growth in field conditions. A total of 150 bacterial strains were screened in vitro, in greenhouse and field trials. The series of experiments confirmed the plant growth-promoting ability of a range of rhizobacteria. Although in vitro and greenhouse results were promising, the field experiment showed variability and the results require further verification. The in vitro tests might have limited value for screening as no correlation could be found between in vitro tests and pot trial results. However, trials in controlled conditions produced insights into the mechanisms causing better plant growth in potato, such as early tuberisation, fast development of leaf area and probably greater photosynthetic rates.
Nutritional quality of the “Algarrobo” neltuma pallida fruit and its relationship with soil properties and vegetation indices in the dry forests of Northern Peru
(MPDI, 2025-09-16) Salazar Coronel, Wilian; Cruz Grimaldo, Camila Leandra; Lastra Paucar, Sphyros Roomel; Rengifo Sanchez, Raihil Rabindranath; Vargas de la Cruz, Celia; Godoy Padilla, David; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
The dry forests of northern Peru are home to extensive populations of algarrobo (Neltuma spp.). Its fruit serves as feed for goats and is used in various agro-industrial products. However, the nutritional quality can be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and vegetation coverage. The objective of this study was to understand and predict the concentration of protein and ether extracts of carob and evaluate its relationship with soil properties and vegetation indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses were conducted. The prediction of protein and ether extract was carried out using the Eureqa-Formulize software 1.24.0. In the PCA, protein showed a positive relationship with ash and ether extract but a negative relationship with moisture. Likewise, moderate correlations were observed between protein and ash content (0.51). Protein also showed positive correlations with pH (r = 0.19), BI (r = 0.22), and NDSI (r = 0.22). Additionally, the ether extract exhibited correlations with sand content (r = 0.22), Ca2+ (r = −0.26), Cu (r = −0.20), S5 (r = 0.26), and Si (r = 0.24). Protein predictions showed moderate performance (CC = 0.73 and R2 = 0.53), as did ether extracts (CC = 0.68 and R2 = 0.46). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the nutritional quality of carob and can be used for the development of sustainable management strategies in the dry forests of northern Peru.
Production of biochar derived from guinea pig manure as a soil amendment in high Andean and coastal acidic soils in Peru: agronomic potential and cost analysis for sustainable circularity
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-03-17) Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Damián, Lucía; Herrera, Sherly; Pichis García, Roger; Cabello Torres, Rita; Padilla Castro, Cesar Franco; Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
Introduction: The valorization of local resources, such as guinea pig manure, allows traditional inputs to be transformed into more stable products with higher added value, such as biochar, rather than being used as raw manure. Methods: This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, toxicity, and neutralizing capacity of biochar obtained from guinea pig manure, produced by open pyrolysis in a pyrolytic oven in Huancayo, Junin, Peru. Fresh manure was also characterized prior to pyrolysis, and its median lethal dose was determined. Results: The results indicated that guinea pig manure had an approximate volume of 2,883.99 cm3 in an uncompacted state and 2,205.41 cm3 in a compacted state, with densities of 0.293 and 0.380 kg/cm3, respectively. Guinea pig manure biochar has high N, P, and K contents, as well as a significant percentage of ash (34.6%) and fixed carbon (37.9%). Its alkaline pH (9.17), high cation exchange capacity (48.8 meq/100 g), and high organic matter content (62%) suggest its potential for improving acidic soils. It also has a considerable moisture content (34.8%) and microelements such as Mg, Cu, Ca, and Zn. In economic terms, the production of 1 ton of guinea pig manure has an estimated cost of 231.23 soles, while the sale price of biochar reaches 3,515.31 soles per ton, demonstrating its high added value. Discussion: Biochar derived from guinea pig manure has a superior nutritional profile compared to biochars obtained from plant biomass, making it a viable alternative for agriculture. Its application, however, must take into account specific safety tests for each crop to ensure both safety and effectiveness.
Toma de muestras y análisis de suelo agrícola
(Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria -INIA, 2024-03-31) Cervantes Peralta, Marieta Eliana
El presente documento informa sobre la toma de muestras y análisis de suelo agrícola.