Examinando por Materia "Variability"

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Agro-morphological characterization of tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) accessions using descriptors and spectral metrics derived from UAVs
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2025-12-22) Peña Elme, Eunice Corcas; Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucía Carolina; Cerrón Mercado, Francis Gladys; Amaro Camarena, Nery Amelia; Girón Aguilar, Rita Carolina; Loayza Loza, Hildo; Pizarro Carcausto, Samuel
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis S.) is a legume native to the Andes, recognized for its high nutritional value, which gives it great potential in food security programs. Therefore, understanding and advancing the conservation of its morphological diversity is essential. In this study, 140 accessions from the national germplasm collection of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru were evaluated, along with two cultivars ("INIA 445 Masacanchino" and "Andenes 90"). A traditional agro-morphological characterization was conducted using 16 quantitative and 40 qualitative descriptors, complemented by phenological data obtained from time series of reflectance indices generated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Additionally, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the most relevant variables, and a clustering analysis along with a dendrogram was developed to classify the accessions. The results revealed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) in terms of inflorescence length, number of pods on the main axis, number of primary branches, and yield per plant. Likewise, the morphological groups exhibited variations in phenophases derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Four morphological groups were identified: group 3 (G3) showed the highest growth rate followed by a decline, while group 4 (G4) stood out for its highest initial growth rate. Furthermore, the observed homogeneous phenological conditions indicated that groups 1 (G1) and 4 (G4) matured earlier, making them promising candidates for selection. These findings demonstrate the wide genetic variability of tarwi, which can be exploited in breeding programs for the development of new cultivars. Thus, the study highlights the importance of morphological characterization in understanding the variability of an understudied crop such as tarwi, contributing to conservation and promoting its protection and sustainability.
Caracterización agromorfológica del algodón de costa (Gossypium barbadense L.–G. hirsutum L.) del banco de germoplasma del INIA, Perú
(Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), 2026-01-01) Oyola Medina, Mercedes Tarcila; Mendez Farroñan, Sandra Johana; Chapoñan Vásquez, Miguel; Bustamante Carrasco, Lesly Ysabel; Lindo Seminario, David Enrique
En Perú y el sur de Ecuador se cultiva principalmente Gossypium barbadense L., o algodón nativo, del cual provienen las variedades Pima, Tangüis y Áspero. Se caracterizaron morfológica y agronómicamente 82 accesiones de este algodón del banco de germoplasma de Lambayeque. Se emplearon 37 descriptores (20 fueron cuantitativos y 17 cualitativos) durante 3 años. El análisis de conglomerados agrupó las accesiones en seis grupos. El análisis de varianza reveló que el número de bellotas por planta (NBELPL) y el peso de algodón en rama por planta (ALGRAM) fueron determinantes en la agrupación, con diferencias altamente significativas (p=0,001). El Grupo 4 presentó el mayor rendimiento (0,853±0,199 kg de algodón en rama y 224,0±40,7 bellotas por planta), mientras que los grupos 1 y 6 mostraron los valores más bajos. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple de los descriptores cualitativos mostró que las características de la flor explicaron el 62,4 % de la variabilidad total, destacándose como el factor más influyente. Estos resultados confirman la utilidad de la caracterización morfológica y fenotípica para identificar accesiones nativas con potencial de mejoramiento genético y aplicación en la industria textil peruana.
Evaluación del prendimiento y desarrollo de clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis) propagados por injerto en la selva peruana
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2024-07-15) Navarro, Jorge M.; Alva Arévalo, Alberto; Lozano, Andi; Alva Arévalo, Celso Misael; García Gonzales, Patricia; Gaona Jimenez, Nery; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Vallejos Torres, Geomar
The latex yield in Hevea brasiliensis trees is highly variable; Therefore, it is important to propagate commercial clones of this species by grafting in order to standardize or improve latex yields and therefore improve the economic income of producers in this part of the Amazon region. Objective. To evaluate the attachment and development of rubber clones propagated by grafting in the Peruvian jungle. Methodology. Nine-month-old patterns installed in the field were used. These were grafted with budding rods from the commercial clones TR-1, FX-3864, RRIM-600, IAN-873 and MDF-180. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments and three blocks with 15 experimental units; each containing 30 repetitions. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05) and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The best results in attachment and number of shoots were obtained in grafts with clone MDF-180 with values of 73.33 % and 7.83 shoots respectively; Regarding days to the appearance of the shoot and length, clone TR-1 presented it with 36.63 days and 27.47 cm; The largest leaf area was presented by the graft with clone IAN-873 with 55.46 cm2, while the highest chlorophyll content was obtained in grafts with clone RRIM-600 with 47.18 SPAD. Implications. More studies are required to establish the quality and adaptability of rubber clones propagated by grafting in different site conditions and establish patterns of tree productivity in a short time; Likewise, it is desired to evaluate the quality and quantity of latex produced by these clones. Conclusions. These results indicate the feasibility of propagating Hevea brasiliensis through shoot grafting in the field, which opens great possibilities for propagating rubber trees with better commercial characteristics, particularly with greater latex production.