Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12955/8

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Intermittent Rainfed Rice var. INIA 516 LM1: A Sustainable Alternative for the Huallaga River Basin
(MDPI, 2025-04-23) Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cássia; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Torres Chávez, Edson Esmith; Guevara, Jonathan; Antezana, Abner; Carranza, Antoni; Lao, Ceila; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi
Climate change is projected to increase global temperatures and alter rainfall patterns. In Peru, these changes could adversely affect the central basin of the Huallaga River by increasing pest and disease incidence, evapotranspiration, and water consumption. This basin is one of the country’s main rice-producing regions, where the crop is traditionally cultivated using inefficient practices, such as continuous flood irrigation. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23), the water footprint as an indicator of water use efficiency, and the incidence of pests and diseases associated with irrigation regimes. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: Traditional flooding T1 (maintenance of a 0.15 m water layer with replenishment every 4 days), Optimized flooding T2 (replenishment every 7 days), and Intermittent rainfed irrigation T3 (replenishment every 14 days). Although no significant differences were observed in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence, a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t・ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t・ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t・ha−1). The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest in the intermittent rainfed treatment, followed by optimized flooding, with the lowest incidence in traditional flooding. Yield reduction and the use of rainwater to cover water requirements resulted in a lower total water footprint for traditional flooding (834.0 m3・t−1), followed by optimized flooding (843.6 m3・t−1) and intermittent rainfed (923.9 m3・t−1). This reflects an improvement in rainwater use efficiency. The findings suggest intermittent rainfed irrigation enhanceswater use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence in rice var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23 in the central basin of the Huallaga River.
Trigona Jurine, 1807 Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Pests of Physic Nut (Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha curcas) in Peru
(Sociedad Venezolana de Entomología, 2009-04) Rasmussen, Claus; Orihuela Pasquel, Patricia del Carmen; Sánchez Bocanegra, Víctor Hugo
Trigona amalthea and T. truculenta collect plant fibers by stripping pieces of bark (average size 3x11 mm) of branches and twigs of the physic nut in San Martín, Peru. They also, as does T. fuscipennis, chew and destroy the ribs in the palmate-veined leaves and the petiole. From the leaves they were observed to gather both plant fibers and resins. Most of the Trigona species damaging crops belong to a monophyletic group of bees that builds exposed nests, thus requiring both fibers and resin for construction and maintenance of their colony. The control of the damage is best achieved by locating and removing the nest.
Efecto de la altitud en la calidad del café (Coffea arabica L.): Comparación entre secado mecánico y tradicional
(Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2019-12-26) Guevara Sánchez, Maricely; Bernales del Águila, Carlos Iván; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Owaki López, Johnny Jakson
El café es una de las bebidas de mayor consumo en el mundo entero. El proceso de secado para el almacenamiento de los granos café es determinante para las características físicas y sensoriales del producto final. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos tipos de secado (mecánico y tradicional) en cinco altitudes sobre la calidad del café. La investigación se realizó en el valle del Alto Mayo, región San Martín, Perú. Se seleccionaron cinco fincas a diferentes altitudes (873, 1079, 1248, 1348, 1430 m.s.n.m.). El prototipo utilizado funciona mediante un sistema de túneles de calor térmico, construido con un micas solares y calaminas. Fueron extraídas 150 muestras de 1kg cada una. Las variables evaluadas fueron las características físicas y organolépticas del grano seco y el número de días de secado. Los resultados mostraron que no existieron diferencias significativas para ningún parámetro evaluado entre las altitudes seleccionadas. No obstante, existieron diferencias significativas para los parámetros de humedad y grano de primera categoría donde el secado mecánico fue superior. También, para el caso de la calidad organoléptica, el secado mecánico se presentó como mejor opción, indicando que su uso puede optimizar la calidad organoléptica del café.
Influence of reproductive season and testicular volume on seminal parameters of alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
(Springer Nature, 2025-05-22) Contreras Huamani, Mijail; Guillen Palomino, Crissthel Yverlin; Orellana Berrocal, Harumi Rebeca; Laines Arcce, Irwin Mitchell; Bellido Quispe, Dionet Keny; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony; Silva Chaves, Maiana; de Figueirêdo Freitas, Vicente José
The male alpaca plays an important role in the reproductive process and, consequently, in genetic improvement. South American camelids (SACs) have a well-defined reproductive season, particularly in the Andean region. The objective was to evaluate the influence of reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, as well as testicular volume, on seminal parameters in alpacas. Nine healthy male alpacas, over 4 years old, were selected for this experiment. Semen samples were taken every two days using an artificial vagina incorporated into a dummy. The collected were in the reproductive (November to April) and non-reproductive (May to October) seasons, from breeders with testicular volumes that range between 63–70 cm3 and 83–94 cm3. The total number of ejaculates collected was 72 per season, with 8 samples collected from each male. Macroscopic aspects such as color, volume (ml), thread formation (cm) and foam (cm) were evaluated, in addition to microscopic aspects such as sperm motility (%), viability (%) concentration (sperm/ml) and total number of sperm. The results were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney non-parametric test, using the R 3.4.3 software, considering P < 0.05 as the significance level. A decrease in thread formation was observed in semen collected during the reproductive season compared to the non-reproductive season (P < 0.05). On the other hand, sperm motility and viability in semen collected during the reproductive period was higher (p < 0.05). Regarding testicular volume, alpacas with larger testicular volume had greater ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total number of sperm (p < 0.05). Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the semen of alpaca breeders is influenced by the season, and that testicular volume can predict their reproductive capacity, being a parameter to be considered when selecting the best breeding male.
Integración de VANT-LiDAR con imágenes multiespectrales para la estimación del carbono almacenado en plantaciones forestales de Prosopis sp.
(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencia Agropecuarias, 2025-05-05) Chumbimune Vivanco, Sheyla Yanet; León Dextre, Hairo Alexander; Llanos Carrillo, Cristina Sofía; Millan Ramírez, José Edwin; Vilca Gamarra, Cesar Francisco; Vera Diaz, Elvis; Agurto Piñarreta, Alex Iván; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Cruz Grimaldo, Camila Leandra
Los individuos del género Prosopis sp. conocidos como algarrobos; son especies claves en el desarrollo del bosque seco y recuperación de áreas degradadas en la Costa norte del Perú. La evaluación de plantaciones, cálculo de la biomasa aérea forestal (BAF) y carbono almacenado representa un papel importante en el manejo forestal y mitigación del cambio climático. Este estudio evalúa metodologías de monitoreo a través del uso de imágenes multiespectrales y LiDAR acopladas a un VANT, con la finalidad de realizar su validación y generar modelos que permitan estimar el carbono almacenado. Se evaluaron siete especies de Prosopis sp. con la metodología convencional y se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las especies para las características dasométricas e índices de vegetación, así como en la comparación con los datos obtenidos con el LiDAR. Se seleccionaron modelos para determinar BAF y la asociación entre el carbono aéreo obtenido con los modelos constituidos por datos de LiDAR e índices de vegetación que presentaron correlaciones significativas (p < 0,05), se construyeron siete modelos para predicción de carbono y destaca el modelo que tiene como variables regresoras la altura total y área de copa obtenidas del LiDAR, así como los índices CIgreen, GNDVI, RECI, LCI y NDVI (R² = 0,77). Lo cual confirma que el uso de la metodología LiDAR con los índices de vegetación permite una estimación más práctica del carbono almacenado en la plantación.
Goat producers’ perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the tropical dry forest of Northern Peru
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2024-12-20) Temoche Socola, Víctor Alexander; Barrantes, Christian; Godoy, David
Climate change affects countries worldwide, challenging economies and livelihoods. It negatively impacts food production due to temperature variability, irregular precipitation, frost, and drought, increasing pressure on agrosilvopastoral resources and reducing agricultural and livestock productivity. In Peru, the tropical dry forest, an ecosystem highly vulnerable to climate change, supports traditional goat farming, a primary livelihood for many, with a population of approximately 256,860 goats in Piura. This ecosystem is particularly sensitive to temperature and precipitation changes, which directly affect forage availability and livestock productivity. This study aimed to determine goat producers' perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change in Marcavelica, Lancones, and La Brea. Data from 130 goat producers were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics (principal component analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, and cluster analysis). Results showed that goat farming occurs predominantly in extensive systems (84.62%). Most producers (56.9%) acknowledged climate change, perceiving changes in temperature (69.9%), precipitation patterns (100%), soil productivity (79.2%), and water availability (50%). Four producer clusters were identified based on adaptive capacity: excellent (6.16%), good (23.08%), regular (75.38%), and poor (24.62%). Producers with higher education, associativity, and training demonstrated better knowledge and adaptive capacity. Climate change is evident in the dry forest ecosystem, negatively affecting goat farming. These findings underscore the importance of education, technical support, and associativity to enhance producers' resilience and sustain livestock production under climate variability.
Genetic diversity and population structure of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Peru: A microsatellite analysis
(MDPI, 2025-05-16) Peralta, Wilber; Nestares Palomino, Agustin; Gamarra Reyes, Julyssa del Pilar; Rojas, Miler; Sullca, Juan; Estrada Cañari, Richard
This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (Huacaya alpacas) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junin, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre, where natural, unregulated mating practices are common. An external reference population from Quimsachata was also included. Genetic diversity parameters revealed high allelic richness and heterozygosity within all populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bayesian clustering, and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated moderate genetic differentiation between Suitucancha and Huayre, likely influenced by the use of selected males under controlled mating in Suitucancha versus natural, unregulated group mating in Huayre, which facilitates broader gene flow. The Quimsachata group displayed distinct genetic characteristics, likely reflecting limited gene flow due to its role as a germplasm conservation nucleus under closed reproductive management. These results reflect how differences in reproductive management may influence population structure in alpacas.
An approach to the impact of weather variables on the growth of Polylepis species in the central Andes of Peru
(University of Forestry, 2025-01-10) Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Cordova Torres, Betty; Molina Damas, Meliza; Oscanoa Ramos, Judith; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucía Carolina; Flores Torres, Itala; Ccopi Trucios, Dennis
The Polylepis genus, endemic to the South American Andes, faces significant threats due to environmental variations, which jeopardize its growth and survival. This situation underscores the urgent need to develop conservation strategies. The present research assesses the influence of meteorological variables, such as temperature and humidity, on the growth and adaptation of various Polylepis species in the central Peruvian Andes, aiming to optimize reforestation and sustainable management practices. The study was conducted in experimental plots at the Santa Ana Agricultural Station in Junín, Peru, where Polylepis saplings, obtained from different localities, were planted. Over two years, phenotypic variables (height and diameter) and meteorological variables (precipitation, humidity, temperature, and wind speed) were monitored to evaluate the relationship between environmental conditions and plant development. The results showed that high humidity negatively affected all species, however wind speed appears to promote plant growth by creating an ideal microclimate that reduces soil moisture. Precipitation and maximum temperature had limited impact, indicating relative resilience to these factors. It should be noted that the species from Huancavelica and Yauyos have been adapting better to local conditions compared to those from Cerro de Pasco, which are more sensitive to humidity. These findings highlight the importance of considering wind speed and humidity in reforestation planning to improve the adaptability of Polylepis species. We conclude that humidity is the most decisive meteorological factor for the growth of Polylepis under specific conditions, emphasizing its relevance in planning conservation and reforestation strategies in the Peruvian Andes.
Current Production and Potential of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Peru
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2006-08-18) Mujica Sánchez, Ángel; Marca Vilca, Saturnino; Jacobsen, Sven Erik
A traditional crop of the Andes, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.), has generated increased interest among farmers, agroindustries, and national and international research institutions in Peru, due to its nutritive value and ability to adapt to a wide range of agroecological conditions. Quinoa is produced mainly by small-scale farmers, who use traditional production, processing, storage, and distribution systems. These systems generate relatively low yields, varying across different locations and years. Peru's National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) oversees all quinoa research, technology transfer, and seed production through its national program for Andean crops. The goals of INIA are to increase production and productivity, while maintaining environmental safety and increasing food security. Demand for quinoa has during recent years increased considerably, both nationally and internationally.
Planted tree fallows for improving land productivity in the humid tropics of Peru
(Elsevier, 2005-05-10) Alegre, Julio C.; Rao, Meka R.; Arevalo, Luis A.; Guzman, Wagner; Faminow, Merle D.
The increased population pressure in the Peruvian Amazon has reduced the fallow periods from 10–15 to 3–5 years in recent years, leading to rapid soil degradation, low crop yields and greater deforestation. Short-duration planted tree fallows have been considered as a solution to overcome the problems of the traditional land use system and increase crop production and income. An experiment was conducted at Yurimaguas evaluating planted tree fallows of inga (Inga edulis) and colubrina (Colubrina glandulosa), with and without centrosema (Centrosema macrocarpum) cover, compared with the traditional bush fallow and herbaceous centrosema cover crop in terms of weed suppression, their ability to increase subsequent crop production and overall economic benefits. The fallow vegetation was cleared and burnt after 3 years of growth for cropping. Maize, cowpea, and rice were grown in the three subsequent seasons. The planted trees grew faster and accumulated more biomass than those in natural fallow. Centrosema as a pure cover crop as well as an understorey between trees effectively suppressed weeds. The tree fallows with or without centrosema did not increase crop yields compared with natural fallow and resulted in significantly lower yields in the third post-fallow season. Only pure centrosema significantly increased maize yields in the first season after its harvest compared with natural fallow. Utilizing very conservative price and production parameters for the improved fallow systems, the inga and inga+centrosema systems had the highest net present values (NPV) of USD 509 and 392 ha⁻¹, respectively. However, natural fallow had the highest benefit/cost ratio of 1.5, due to its lower costs relative to the more intensive fallow systems. All other fallows had lower benefit/cost ratios. Using the sensitivity analysis of NPV and returns to labor under more optimistic conditions in a graduated manner, the NPV for the two systems with colubrina (poles) increased to USD 1421 and 1782, with higher labor returns. Planted fallows with economically valuable trees such as inga and colubrina have the potential to raise farmers’ income and alleviate degradation of natural resources in the humid tropics of Peru, but they require more extensive testing under a range of biophysical and socio-economic conditions.
Desempenho e valor nutricional da forragem hidropônica de cevada verde na alimentação de porquinhos-da-índia
(Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal, 2025-02-03) Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Sarria Bardales, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Huamaní Bedoya, Daniel; Buendía Molina, Marilyn Aurora
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho e o valor nutricional da forragem verde hidropônica de cevada (FVH) na alimentação de cobaias, além de comparar diferentes sistemas de alimentação para determinar seu efeito no crescimento, conversão alimentar, mortalidade e desempenho de carcaça de porquinhos-da-índia. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado e teste de Duncan a 5%. Utilizaramse 100 cobaias machos com 14 ± 5 dias, distribuídos em cinco tratamentos (T1: concentrado; T2: FVH; T3: chala; T4: concentrado + FVH; T5: concentrado + chala), com cinco repetições. O peso, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e percentagem de carcaça foram avaliados durante 49 dias. O ganho de peso por dia em T4 (16,11 g), T1 (15,95 g) e T5 (15,65 g) foi significativamente maior do que o obtido em T2 (5,51 g) e T3 (4,95 g) (p < 0,05). T5 e T4 apresentaram os maiores consumos de ração em base seca (3538,9 e 3239,9 g, respectivamente; p < 0,05), seguidos por T1 (2973,4 g). As melhores conversões alimentares foram apresentadas em T1 (3,81), T4 (4,11) e T5 (4,63), e as cobaias de T5 (74,79%), T4 (74,26%) e T1 (73,66%) obtiveram as maiores porcentagens de carcaça (p < 0,05). Em conclusão, o sistema de alimentação integral e misto tem uma influência positiva sobre os parâmetros produtivos.
Morphometric and phaneroptic characteristics of creole goats in the dry forest of Peru
(UNEMAT, 2025-04-21) Acosta Granados, Irene Carol; Carrero Flores, Jhonatan Enrique; Acosta Vidaurre, Rogelio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Ruíz Chamorro, José Antonio
The study aimed to describe morphometric and phaneroptic parameters in goat herds from the northern region of Lambayeque, Peru. A total of 295 goats over two years old, without evidence of crossbreeding with specialized breeds, were used. For each animal, 19 morphometric and eight phaneroptic measurements were recorded, and zoometric indices were calculated using a scale, measuring tape, and zoometric stick. This was performed using R software version 4.3.1. The results showed an average live weight of 41 ± 7.5 kg and a proportionality index of 99.6, highlighting their suitability for meat or dual-purpose production (IDT: 13.4, ICO: 88.7), adapted to the local environment. Regarding phaneroptic characteristics, monochromatic coat colors predominated in 55.6% of the animals, 43.7% were hornless (72.7% of the horns observed were parallel), 20.7% had beards, and 10.5% presented wattles. Additionally, 14.7% had supernumerary teats, and 46% of males displayed testicular bifurcation. In conclusion, the Creole goat of the Dry Forest in northern Peru is medium-sized, with robust limbs and a meat-production aptitude, as reflected by the proportionality index. It is also characterized by predominantly dark coats and parallel horns when present. These features demonstrate their adaptation to this environment and their potential for meat production.
Effect of protein source and breed on embryo production in donor cows at a high-value genetic centre in Peru
(Unique Scientific Publishers, 2025-04-23) León Trinidad, Silvia Eliana; Dipaz Berrocal, Deisy Juana; Mamani, Rolando; Ramírez, Juan; Muñoz Vilchez, Yudith Yohany; Burga Toledo, Henry; Quilcate Pairazaman, Carlos Enrique; Alvarez García, Wuesley Yusmein
Two sources of concentrated animal protein at 50 and 60% of the diet of high genetic value cows were evaluated on embryo production in donor cows. Twenty Braunvieh (BU), Brahman (BR), Simmental (SM), Gir (G) and Girolando (GIHO) cows were evaluated for seven months. The SM breed achieved a higher number of corpora lutea, similar to Brahman cows, but no difference was shown between the two protein rations. It was determined that using both protein sources decreases production costs per feeding, with the same results in embryo production. This study emphasizes the great importance of adequate protein nutrition in embryo transfer programs to maximize reproductive efficiency and embryo viability, taking into account the welfare of the animals subjected to these reproductive evaluations, in order to improve productivity in a center for the production and reproduction of material or germplasm of high genetic value.
Soil quality variation associated with land cover in the Peruvian jungle of the Junín region
(Elsevier, 2025-05-03) Carbajal Llosa, Carlos Miguel; Moya Ambrosio, Fernanda; Barja Ingaruca, Antony Marcos; Ottos Diaz, Elvis; Aguilar Tito, Cinthya; Advíncula Zeballos, Orlando; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andy
In the Junín jungle, inappropriate agricultural management practices for a long time can adversely affect soil quality. This has driven the development of multiple soil quality evaluation methods that are highly demanding in terms of economic and human resources. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of land-use change from natural ecosystems to agricultural systems by determining soil quality in the jungle of the Junin Region. Soil samples were collected between December 2021 and July 2022 in the Chanchamayo and Satipo provinces in the Junín region. Seventy-four samples were determined using stratified sampling, along with the support provided by the stacking of five spatial layers. Physical, chemical, and biological indicators, along with land cover type data from the European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover product, were determined. A minimum data set (MDS) was established through correlation analysis, from which principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Finally, the weighted soil quality index (SQIw) was calculated by integrating the most essential variables identified through PCA. It was found that forest cover soils had a higher SQIw than soils with crops and grassland cover. According to PCA, the soil quality variables that contributed the most are potassium (K) content and pH. It was concluded that the jungle soil quality in the Junín region is moderate to low, depending on the coverage. In addition, more significant degradation was observed in grassland-covered areas, particularly in the Chanchamayo province than in the Satipo province.
Avance genético mediante selección recurrente de familias de medios hermanos mazorca por surco, en maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays), en trópico
(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2025-05-16) Díaz Chuquizuta, Percy; Jara Calvo, Teófilo Wladimir; Campos Amasifuen, Héctor Manuel; Valdes Rodriguez, Ofelia Andrea; Hidalgo Melendez, Edison
El maíz (Zea mays L.) es una planta alógama en constante mejoramiento mediante diversos métodos de selección, comenzando con la selección masal hacia la mejora genética de poblaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar el avance genético en la variedad de maíz Marginal 28T, utilizando el método de selección recurrente de medios hermanos mazorca por surco en el trópico. Metodología: Se comparó dos periodos de selección (1996- 2000 y 2018-2022) del núcleo genético de la variedad Marginal 28T. Con las semillas remanentes del período 2018-2022, se establecieron parcelas de evaluación rendimiento en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, y se compararon con los resultados reportados en el periodo 1996-2000; para conocer si existió cambios varietales desde 1984 año de liberación de la variedad, se utilizó las semillas del año 2022, en cinco localidades. Resultados: Entre los periodos de selección de núcleo de semilla genética 1996-2000 y 2018-2022 del maíz Marginal 28T, el rendimiento de semilla mejoró 0.75 t·ha⁻¹, con una ganancia genética de 0.042 t·ha⁻¹·año⁻¹. La evaluación del rendimiento agronómico de la semilla genética reveló una reducción de 6 días en la floración, con un aumento en el rendimiento de grano de 0.86 t·ha⁻¹. La caracterización varietal mostró uniformidad en características clave como textura de grano y cambios notables en el color del grano de amarillo rojizo a amarillo naranja, y una mejora en el rendimiento de grano comercial, de 3.50 t·ha⁻¹ en 1984 a 5.57 t·ha⁻¹ en 2022. Implicaciones: Se resalta la importancia del uso continuo del método de selección recurrente de familias de medios hermanos mazorca por surco para maximizar el rendimiento y la estabilidad varietal del cultivo del maíz amarillo duro en trópico. Conclusión: La variedad de maíz amarillo duro Marginal 28T ha demostrado un avance genético en relación con su rendimiento y color de grano desde su liberación como variedad de polinización libre en 1996.
Tropical tree growth driven by dry-season climate variability
(Springer Nature, 2022-03-31) Zuidema, Pieter A.; Babst, Flurin; Groenendijk, Peter; Trouet, Valerie; Abiyu, Abrham; Acuña-Soto, Rodolfo; Adenesky-Filho, Eduardo; Alfaro-Sánchez, Raquel; Vieira Aragão, José Roberto; Assis-Pereira, Gabriel; Bai, Xue; Barbosa, Ana Carolina; Battipaglia, Giovanna; Beeckman, Hans; Botosso, Paulo Cesar; Bradley, Tim; Bräuning, Achim; Brienen, Roel; Buckley, Brendan M.; Camarero, J. Julio; Carvalho, Ana; Ceccantini, Gregório; Centeno-Erguera, Librado R.; Cerano-Paredes, Julián; Chávez-Durán, Álvaro Agustín; Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Bruno; Cleaveland, Malcolm K.; Couralet, Camile; D’Arrigo, Rosanne; del Valle, Jorge Ignacio; Dünisch, Oliver; Enquist, Brian J.; Esemann-Quadros, Karin; Eshetu, Zewdu; Fan, Ze-Xin; Fenilli, M. Eugenia B; Ferrero, Esther; Fichtler, Claudia; Francisco, Kainana S; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Gloor, Emanuel; Granato-Souza, Daniela; Haneca, Kristof; Harley, Grant Logan; Heinrich, Ingo; Helle, Gerd; Inga, Janet G.; Islam, Mahmuda; Jiang, Yu-mei; Kaib, Mark; Hassan Khamisi, Zakia; Koprowski, Marcin; Kruijt, Bart; Layme Huaman, Eva; Leemans, Rik; Leffler, Joshua A.; Lisi, Claudio Sergio; Loader, Neil J.; Maselli Locosselli, Giuliano; Lopez, Lidio; López-Hernández, María I.; Penetra Cerveira Lousada, José Luís; Mendivelso, Hooz A.; Mokria, Mulugeta; Montóia, Valdinez Ribeiro; Moors, Eddy; Nabais, Cristina; Ngoma, Justine; de Carvalho Nogueira, Júnior Francisco; Morales Oliveira, Juliano; Morais Olmedo, Gabriela; Alves Pagotto, Mariana; Panthi, Shankar; Pérez-De-Lis, Gonzalo; Pucha-Cofrep, Darwin; Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Rahman, Mizanur; Andres Ramirez, Jorge; Jimmy Requena-Rojas, Edilson; de Souza Ribeiro, Adauto; Robertson, Iain; Alejandro Roig, Fidel; Rubio-Camacho, Ernesto Alonso; Sass-Klaassen, Ute; Schöngart, Jochen; Sheppard, Paul R.; Slotta, Franziska; Speer; Therrell, Matthew D.; Toirambe, Benjamin; Tomazello-Filho, Mario; Torbenson, Max C. A.; Touchan, Ramzi; Venegas-González, Alejandro; Villalba, Ricardo; Villanueva-Diaz, José; Vinya, Royd; Vlam, Mart; Wils, Tommy; Zhou, Zhe-Kun
Interannual variability in the global land carbon sink is strongly related to variations in tropical temperature and rainfall. This association suggests an important role for moisture-driven fluctuations in tropical vegetation productivity, but empirical evidence to quantify the responsible ecological processes is missing. Such evidence can be obtained from tree-ring data that quantify variability in a major vegetation productivity component: woody biomass growth. Here we compile a pantropical tree-ring network to show that annual woody biomass growth increases primarily with dry-season precipitation and decreases with dry-season maximum temperature. The strength of these dry-season climate responses varies among sites, as reflected in four robust and distinct climate response groups of tropical tree growth derived from clustering. Using cluster and regression analyses, we find that dry-season climate responses are amplified in regions that are drier, hotter and more climatically variable. These amplification patterns suggest that projected global warming will probably aggravate drought-induced declines in annual tropical vegetation productivity. Our study reveals a previously underappreciated role of dry-season climate variability in driving the dynamics of tropical vegetation productivity and consequently in influencing the land carbon sink.
Effect of silvopastoral systems with integrated forest species from the Peruvian tropics on the soil chemical properties
(De Gruyter, 2025-05-15) Saucedo Uriarte, José Américo; Ampuero-Trigoso, Gustavo; Pasquel-Barzola, Kinthia K.; Quispe Ccasa, Hurley Abel; Chuquimia-Valdez, Dixie S.; Arévalo-Aranda, Yuri G.
Vegetation and trees in Amazonian ecosystems influence soil chemistry. Understanding these effects is essential for selecting the right tree species in silvopastoral systems to promote soil conservation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different silvopastoral systems (SPS) on the soil chemical properties within a livestock system. The research was developed at the Estación Experimental Agraria El Porvenir in San Martín Department, Peru, which is characterized by a humid tropical climate, with an annual temperature of 33°C, humidity levels between 70 and 80%, and precipitation of 1,225 mm. Six SPS [Bolaina (Guazuma crinita Mart.), Teak (Tectona grandis L.), an arboretum, Pucaquiro (Sickingia tinctoria Schult.), Quinilla (Manilkara bidentata A. DC.), and a natural forest - NF] and two sampling depths were compared, with two replicas for each. The main effect showed that the Quinilla SPS was higher in pH (p < 0.05), while the Quinilla SPS, Pucaquiro SPS, and NF stood out in K⁺ and Ca²+ (p < 0.05). Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen content were higher at the 0–10 cm depth; however, there was an interactive effect on EC, OM, and nitrogen in the Quinilla SPS (p < 0.05). A total of 65.31% of the variance is explained by exchangeable cations (47.98%) and OM and nitrogen (17.33%). The planting of M. bidentata A. DC. and S. tinctoria Schult. trees in SPS could enhance soil nutrient availability similarly to natural forests, although the age of systems may influence these outcomes.
Occurrence of endoparasites in creole goats under an extensive production system on the southern coast of Peru
(MDPI, 2025-04-30) Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Soca Jorge, Jhony; Terán Rojas, Jose Alfonso; Dávalos Almeyda, María Emilia; Valdivia Zevallos, Justo; Ruiz Chamorro, Jose Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Cruz Flores, Danny Julio
Endoparasitosis is a critical health challenge in the management of Creole goats under extensive production systems due to its negative impact on animal health and productivity. This study determined the occurrence of endoparasites and identified associated risk factors in Creole goats from the southern coast of Peru. Fecal samples were collected from 129 goats in two localities of the Pisco province to detect the presence of oocysts from Eimeria spp. and eggs from trichostrongyles, Skrjabinema spp., Trichuris spp., and Fasciola hepatica. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and adjusted through bootstrapping and stepwise selection methods, with locality, feeding type, age, and body condition as predictive variables. The results revealed a high occurrence of Eimeria spp. (86.0%) and trichostrongyles (65.1%), while Fasciola hepatica (14.0%) and Skrjabinemaspp. (7.0%) were exclusively identified in Independencia and San Clemente, respectively. Mixed infestations were predominant (65.9%), occurring more frequently in Independencia (75.9%) than in San Clemente (57.7%) (OR: 2.26, p < 0.05). The likelihood of infestation was significantly higher in Independencia for Eimeria spp. (OR: 5.72, p < 0.01) and Fasciola hepatica (OR: 61.4, p < 0.01). Moreover, goats fed exclusively on alfalfa were more likely to be infested with Fasciola hepatica compared to those fed a mixed diet of alfalfa and crop residues (OR: 0.06, p < 0.05). These findings underscore the necessity of implementing comprehensive health programs tailored to local management and feeding conditions.
Profiling of known and novel microRNAs in an oleaginous crop native to the amazon basin, sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), through smallRNA-Seq
(MDPI, 2025-03-31) Estrada Cañari, Richard; Rodriguez Perez, Lila Maciel; Romero Avila, Yolanda Madelein; Arteaga Chacon, Linda Rosemery; Ruelas Calloapaza, Domingo; Oha Humpiri, Filiberto; Flores, Nils; Coila , Pedro; Arbizu, Carlos
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating tissue-specific gene expression and plant development. This study explores the identification and functional characterization of miRNAs in Plukenetia volubilis (sacha inchi), an economically and nutritionally significant crop native to the Amazon basin, across three organs: root, stem, and leaf. Methods: Small RNA libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform, yielding high-quality reads that facilitated the discovery of known and novel miRNAs using miRDeep-P. Results: A total of 277 miRNAs were identified, comprising 71 conserved and 206 novel miRNAs, across root, stem, and leaf tissues. In addition, differential expression analysis using DESeq2 identified distinct miRNAs exhibiting tissue-specific regulation. Notably, novel miRNAs like novel_1, novel_88, and novel_189 showed significant roles in processes such as auxin signaling, lignin biosynthesis, and stress response. Functional enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes revealed pathways related to hormonal regulation, structural reinforcement, and environmental adaptation, highlighting tissue-specific functions. The Principal Component Analysis and PERMANOVA confirmed clear segregation of miRNA expression profiles among tissues, underlining organ-specific regulation. Differential expression patterns emphasized unique regulatory roles in each organ: roots prioritized stress response and nutrient uptake, leaves focused on photosynthesis and UV protection, and stems contributed to structural integrity and nutrient transport, suggesting evolutionary adaptations in P. volubilis. Conclusions: This study identified novel miRNA-mediated networks that regulate developmental and adaptive processes in P. volubilis, underscoring its molecular adaptations for resilience and productivity. By characterizing both conserved and novel miRNAs, the findings lay a foundation for genetic improvement and molecular breeding strategies aimed at enhancing agronomic traits, stress tolerance, and the production of bioactive compounds.
Red rust thrips in smallholder organic export banana in Latin America and the Caribbean: pathways for control, compatible with organic certification
(ISHS, 2020-03-23) Arias de López, M.; Corozo Ayovi, R.E.; Delgado, R.; Osorio, B.; Moyón, D.; Rengifo, D.; Suárez, P.; Paulino, A.; Medrano, S.; Sanchez, L.; Rojas Llanque, Juan Carlos; Vegas, U.; Alburqueque, D.; Staver, C.; van Tol, R.; Clercx, L.
Since 2010, red rust thrips (RRT) have become a serious pest in organic export banana plantations, causing yield losses of 30-40%. Although RRT blemishes on banana peel are only cosmetic, exporters apply zero tolerance. During 2014-2017, FONTAGRO co-financed studies on measures to reduce RRT damage in smallholder organic export banana. Research was initially guided by an IPM approach based on thrips population thresholds and linked abiotic factors, in order to schedule practices. Initial studies resulted in a preventive model for thrips management based on the yearround use of transparent bags with 3-mm orifices to protect bunches just as the bell emerges and before bracts open. This approach minimizes losses due to both Chaetanaphothrips signipennis found in Peru and Ecuador and Chaetanaphothrips orchidii common in the Dominican Republic. Experiments to develop scouting methods and establish thresholds suggested three conclusions: C. signipennnis flies very little, complicating trapping even with pheromones; thresholds for economic damage are very low; and scouting is difficult, costly and not practical for decision making. Routine monitoring of losses caused by RRT and other factors should be done during packing. Experiments to test the effectiveness of bagging and the use of applied products to repel or kill thrips showed that bagging alone reduced losses by 90-100% compared to bunches with no bag. Applications of organic products to the bell at bagging and the leaf whorl and the upper bunch stem simultaneously with other bunch practices reduced losses further by 0-8%. Studies of biological control identified predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens which attack different stages of thrips. Preliminary lab and release studies suggest that biological control should be further developed. However, RRT form part of a complex of insect bunch pests, and the use of general or targeted applications should be reviewed to avoid the use of products which reduce beneficial organisms.

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