Artículos científicos

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12955/8

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Carbon storage in coffee agroforestry systems: Role of native and introduced shade trees in the central Peruvian Amazon
(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Salgado Veramendi, Noelito; Romero Chavez, Lorena Estefani; Huerto Pajuelo, Eldhy Sianina; Ibarra Porra, Carolina del Carmen; Cunyas Camayo, Joseph Michael; Aldava Pardave, Uriel; Vallejos Torres, Geomar; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andy
What is the potential impact on carbon storage of the native and introduced tree species commonly associated with coffee in the central Peruvian Amazon? Coffee is a pivotal crop within the Peruvian economy. Nevertheless, the establishment of new plantations—driven by the subsistence needs of smallholder farmers—has led to expansion into forested areas. Given the significance of this crop and the demonstrated ecosystem benefits of agroforestry systems (AFSs), the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of native and introduced shade tree species on carbon storage in coffee plantations. This study was observational and exhibited characteristics of an unbalanced incomplete block design. Agroforestry systems (AFSs) with shade tree species such as Inga, Retrophyllum rospigliosii, Eucalyptus and Pinus, and three unshaded coffee plantations, were included in this study. The total carbon stored in each AFS was higher than in unshaded coffee plantations. Soil contributed between 47% and 91% to total carbon storage, shade trees (24–46%), coffee (2–7%), leaf litter (0.6–1.9%) and shrubs and herbaceous plants (0.02–0.3%). The AFS with R. rospigliosii achieved the highest carbon storage with 190.38 Mg ha−1, highlighting the compatibility of this species with coffee plantations, as well as its positive effect on climate change mitigation in deforested areas.
Seasonal and dietary effects on the hematobiochemical parameters of creole goats in the Peruvian Andes
(MDPI, 2025-07-23) Rodriguez Vargas, Anibal Raul; Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Castañeda Palomino, Katherine; Ormachea Sanchez, Huziel Héctor; Trillo Zarate, Fritz Carlos; Temoche Socola, Victor Alexander; Ruiz Chamorro, José Antonio; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Creole goats have adapted to the harsh Andean environment, yet the physiological impacts of high-altitude production systems remain underexplored. This study assessed seasonal and dietary influences on the hematological and biochemical profiles of 45 Creole goats in the Peruvian Andes. The animals were assigned to three diets: D1 (grazing), D2 (grazing + 2000 g hay), and D3 (grazing + 400 g concentrate), across rainy and dry seasons. Biweekly blood sampling measured urea, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, ALP, ALT, WBCL, NeuP, LymP, HGB, and MCV. Season exerted the strongest influence (p < 0.001), with modest dietary effects and a consistent effect of sampling time. Urea, total protein, and albumin increased during the rainy season, though only urea responded significantly to diet. Leukocytosis rose in the dry season and with higher-protein diets, suggesting heightened immune activation under environmental stress. Hemoglobin peaked in the rainy season and early sampling, indicating better oxygenation. MCV and body weight were higher in the dry season, with weight unaffected by diet. These results underscore the complex interplay of environmental and nutritional factors in shaping goat physiology at high altitudes, emphasizing the importance of dynamic modeling in sustainable Andean livestock systems.
Integration of agronomic information, vegetation indices (VIs), and meteorological data for phenological monitoring and yield estimation of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Elsevier, 2025-07-15) Fernandez Jibaja, Jorge Antonio; Atalaya Marin, Nilton; Álvarez Robledo, Yeltsin Abel; Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Gómez Fernández, Darwin
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop for sustaining global food security and is particularly important in tropical and subtropical regions. In this context, precision agriculture enables more efficient crop management to increase productivity and sustainability. This study proposes an integrated framework for monitoring the phenological development and estimating the yield of O. sativa by combining agronomic variables, vegetation indices (VIs), and meteorological data. Six rice varieties (Victoria, Esperanza, Bellavista, Puntilla, Capoteña, and Valor) were evaluated across six phenological stages using field data, 20 VIs and meteorological parameters. Field data revealed greater tillering of the Puntilla and Valor varieties (9–28 tillers), with Esperanza having the most stable chlorophyll values (21.5–38.7, σ = 10.46) during ripening. The temporal dynamics of the VIs consistently increased from the seedling to inflorescence emergence stage, followed by a decrease during flowering and ripening, which aligns with known physiological transitions in rice; however, significant differences in the NDVI index were detected during ripening (p > 0.05). For yield estimation, feature selection was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to increase model efficiency and interpretability. Among the regression algorithms tested, support vector regression (SVR) demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (R² = 0.81) for the Bellavista variety at the maximum tillering stage. Furthermore, the Valor variety presented the highest grain yield (13.70 t/ha). These results underscore the potential of integrating multisource data with machine learning techniques for high-resolution phenological monitoring and varietal performance assessment.
SNP profiling of Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) cortes germplasm in Ucayali, Peru using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)
(Springer Nature, 2025-07-17) Camacho Villalobos, Alina Alexandra; Mestanza, Orson; Cabrera Pintado, Rosa María; Sanchez Sunción, Glendy; Bendezu, Jorge
Objectives Elaeis oleifera, commonly known as the American oil palm, plays a crucial role in the agricultural economies of Central and South America due to its unique oil characteristics and resistance to certain diseases. Despite its importance, limited available genetic information has hindered the effective utilization of this species in breeding programs aimed at improving oil yield and disease resistance. This study employed Genotyping-bySequencing (GBS) to profile polymorphisms within Elaeis oleifera populations, the unique germplasm bank for Peru, located in Ucayali, Peru, aiming to characterize the gene pool. Data description The GBS analysis successfully identified 22,703 informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the twelve-year-old plant genomes (n=42). Observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.3086) and expected heterozygosity index (He=0.3385) were quantified. The fixation index (Fst=0.0048) indicated low genetic differentiation within the germplasm. However, the presence of two genetic clusters (C_1 and C_2) distributed homogenously within the studied population has been detected; the origin of these clusters could be mainly associated with the initial management of the germplasm nucleus within Peru. The extensive SNP dataset provides a comprehensive genetic map that is invaluable for the conservation and enhancement of Elaeis oleifera in our region.
Diversidad de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular en plantas cultivadas de Swietenia macrophylla en la Amazonía peruana
(Fundación Miguel Lillo, 2025-07-03) Herrera, Isabel; Rojas, Krystel; Gárate, Merlin H.; Guerra, Héctor; Revilla, Jorge M.; Flores Bendezú, Ymber; Sieverding, Ewald
Los hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) constituyen un potencial microbiano, para su uso sostenible en la agroforestería y restauración ecológica. Actualmente en Perú la contribución de diversidad HMA es limitada y no existen reportes de la diversidad nativa de HMA asociados a plantas cultivadas de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla G. King), una especie forestal vulnerable, de interés en programas de reforestación y restauración ecológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la diversidad de morfoespecies de HMA en plantas cultivadas de S. macrophylla G. King, así como el número de esporas y porcentaje de colonización de HMA en cinco zonas de muestreo ubicadas en los departamentos de Ucayali, San Martín y Huánuco. Se emplearon quince individuos de S. macrophylla G. King por cada zona de muestreo. Se identificaron 35 morfoespecies de HMA en el área de estudio, encontrando mayor riqueza de morfoespecies en los distritos de Chazuta y Von Humbolth departamento de San Martin y Ucayali respectivamente. Las especies de HMA predominantes fueron las de las familias Acaulosporaceae y Glomeraceae con 13 en cada familia. Ambispora reticulata se encontró en común para cuatro zonas de muestreo; mientras que 19 morfoespecies se encontraron exclusivas de una zona de muestreo. El estudio reveló mayor número de esporas en las zonas de muestreo con plantas de menos de un año de establecimiento. El porcentaje de colonización no varió significativamente entre los sitios, donde se encontraron en promedio 42% de colonización por HMA en raíces en todas las zonas de muestreo.
Índice de sitio para plantaciones forestales de Handroanthus spp. en la región Ucayali, Perú
(Herbario “Alwyn Gentry” (HAG), Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, 2025-01-30) Flores Bendezú, Ymber
Este estudio desarrolló por primera vez un modelo de índice de sitio para Handroanthus serratifolius ("tahuarí amarillo") en la región de Ucayali, Perú, con el fin de evaluar su productividad en plantaciones forestales. Se utilizaron datos de altura dominante y edad de 123 árboles distribuidos en 11 sitios experimentales. Se aplicaron los modelos de Schumacher (exponencial) y Chapman-Richards (sigmoidal), ambos ampliamente empleados en modelación forestal. La edad base se fijó en 15 años. Los modelos fueron ajustados mediante regresión no lineal y evaluados usando indicadores estadísticos como R², RMSE, AIC y BIC. El modelo de Chapman-Richards mostró un mejor desempeño predictivo (R² = 0.83; RMSE = 1.77 m), capturando de forma más realista el crecimiento sigmoidal de la especie. Se generaron curvas anamórficas de índice de sitio, útiles para comparar la calidad del sitio entre plantaciones. Los resultados aportan herramientas clave para la planificación forestal sostenible de H. serratifolius y permiten su aplicación en programas de manejo, restauración y aprovechamiento forestal en la Amazonia peruana.
Optimized In vitro propagation and somatic embryogenesis of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) cultivar Vitahuayo for enhanced commercial production
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre (ARCC Journals), 2025-03-12) Adrianzén, Pedro M.; Pinedo Freyre, Sergio Fernando; Valles, Barbara S.; Marapara, Jorge L.; Cobos, Marianela; Rodríguez, Hicler N.; Castro, Juan C.
Background: Myrciaria dubia “camu-camu” a fruit-bearing shrub native to the Amazon, is known for its high vitamin C content. However, variations in vitamin C biosynthesis and accumulation among different cultivars present challenges for commercial production. This study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for the Vitahuayo cultivar through callus induction and somatic embryogenesis. Methods: Stem and leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 24-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to induce callus formation. Somatic embryos were induced using Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2,4-D, thidiazuron (TDZ), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KIN). Result: The best results for callogenesis were obtained with 1 mg/L of 24-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Somatic embryos were successfully induced with treatments T2 (2,4-D at 3 mg/L, NAA at 20 mg/L and KIN at 15 mg/L) showing 90% efficiency, while T3 (KIN at 0.3 mg/L and BAP at 0.05 mg/L) achieved 57.5% effectiveness. These findings offer great potential for the large-scale propagation of Vitahuayo, the optimization of its commercial production and the standardization of vitamin C biosynthesis.
Chlorella sp. inoculum doses affect ethinylestradiol removal in a wastewater treatment plant in the Peruvian Andes
(Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Brasil, 2025-06-17) Chávez Collantes, Azucena; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andi; Velarde Apaza, Lelie Diana; Campos Ruiz, Joseph; Alva Plasencia, Edin Edgardo; Castillo Rojas, Eisner Will
The microalgae Chlorella sp. have demonstrated efficiency in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. However, there is no agreement on the inoculum dose since it depends on the contaminant concentration and other very specific parameters in each case. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Chlorella sp. inoculum doses on ethinylestradiol (EE) removal from wastewater treatment plant effluent in Celendín district of the province of Celendín, Cajamarca region, Peru. Four doses of inoculum (0, 100, 200, and 300 mL) were tested at a 2,1x10⁶ cell∙mL⁻¹ microalgae cell concentration and 4 mg∙L ⁻¹ of ethinylestradiol in photobioreactors. The final concentration of ethinylestradiol was determined after 20 days through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was evidenced that a dose of 300 mL∙L ⁻¹ of Chlorella sp. could remove 96,49% of ethinylestradiol from wastewater, unlike the other tested concentrations, which were below 80,92% removal. It was concluded that at a higher dose of Chlorella sp. inoculum, a higher ethinylestradiol removal percentage was observed in a wastewater sample from a treatment plant in the Peruvian Andes.
Phenotypic characterization of the creole goat in the southern highlands of Peru: A first step toward the sustainable use of a forgotten zoogenetic resource
(Eldaghayes Publisher, 2025-06-30) Sessarego Davila, Emmanuel Alexander; Godoy Padilla, David; Lopez Mendoza, Yolvi; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
Background: Five hundred years ago, goats were introduced to Peru, and since then, they have adapted to different climatic conditions, giving rise to the Creole goat, characterized by showing greater rusticity and better quality in both milk and meat than specialized breeds. Aim: This study aimed to describe the phenotype of the Creole goat in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica. Methods: A total of 146 females aged >2 years without signs of crossbreeding with specialized breeds from the districts of San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavin were evaluated. Six phaneroptic characteristics, nine morphometric characteristics, and nine zoometric indices were registered. Tables and bar graphs were prepared. The chi-square test was performed to determine the association between districts and phaneroptic variables, ANOVA to identify differences between districts, correlation coefficients to evaluate morphostructural harmonicity, and multiple regression analysis to predict the live weight of animals. Results: Of the goats, 61.6% had a spotted coat, 59.6% had no beard, 75.3% had horns, 57.5% had parallel teats, 90.4% had no wattles, and 80.8% had the correct number of teats, showing an association between district and absence/ presence of beard (p = 0.001). All morphometric parameters and zoometric indices were homogeneous within each district, with differences between districts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Creole goat of the high Andean area of Chincha is characterized by presenting a high morphostructural harmony, being medium to large in size, brevilineal, convexilinear and having a productive aptitude with a tendency to double purpose.
Evaluación del desarrollo vegetativo de cuatro variedades de Pennisetum en el trópico húmedo de Alto Amazonas
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), 2021-12-30) Cuzco Mas, Erik; Angulo Villacorta, Carlos Darwin; Mathios Flores, Marco Antonio
En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluaron las características morfológicas y el rendimiento de forraje verde de cuatro variedades de pasto de genero Pennisetum. Para ello, se realizaron dos evaluaciones con intervalos de corte de 45 días, distribuidos en un diseño completo al azar (DCA) unifactorial con sub-muestra con igual número de repeticiones e igual número de unidad de muestra. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados se encontró diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre las comparaciones de las medias las dos evaluaciones de las variables de altura de planta y grosor de tallo, excepto para las variables de número de macollos, largo y ancho de hoja (p < 0,05). Por otro lado, se observaron que durante la estación seca se retrasa el crecimiento de la planta y en consecuencia la deficiente producción de forraje. Sin embargo, para el pasto King grass verde es el que ha mostrado mayor resistencia a estas condiciones (sequía), el cual, se puede evidenciar en el rendimiento de forraje, sin embargo, no encontramos diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre cada evaluación. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados preliminares se concluye que cuanto más se incremente la edad de corte incrementará también el rendimiento forrajero de acuerdo a las condiciones ambientales presentadas localmente.
Aplicación de O₂ y O₃ en semilla pre-básica de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, 2025-06-25) Tineo Vargas, Vicky Soledad; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
La baja productividad de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en Perú está estrechamente relacionada con el uso de semilla infectada y el acceso limitado a tecnologías de desinfección efectivas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del sistema de microburbujas de ozono y oxígeno aplicado al riego sobre la calidad y el vigor de la semilla prebásica de papa (cv. INIA 303) en Canaán, Ayacucho, Perú. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos (T1: 100%, T2: 75%, T3: 50% nano-oxígeno; T4: control) bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante ANOVA y la prueba de Tukey (α = 0,05). Los resultados revelaron diferencias altamente significativas (p < 0,0001) en la altura de la planta. A los 21 días, T1 (17,24 ± 0, 43ᵃ cm) superó significativamente a T4 (10,02 ± 0,95ᶜ cm). A los 140 días, el T1 (172,4 ± 2,04 cm) mantuvo el mayor rendimiento, seguido del T2 (166,6 ± 3,33 cm), mientras que el T4 (104,0 ± 5,34 cm) mostró el menor. En cuanto al peso de la semilla, el T1 produjo una mayor proporción de tubérculos >20 g, lo que contribuyó a un mejor rendimiento. Los hallazgos sugieren que la tecnología de oxigenación y ozonización mejora el crecimiento vegetativo, aumenta el rendimiento potencial y reduce la hipoxia y el estrés por patógenos, lo que representa una estrategia prometedora para mejorar la sanidad y la productividad de las semillas en la producción de semilla pre-básica de papa en condiciones de tierras altas andinas.
Spatial distribution, tree host associations, and deforestation threats on two stingless bee species in the Peruvian Amazon
(Ecological Society of Korea, 2025-07-02) Demetrio, Richar; Muñoz Schrader, Ornella; Faria, Julianna; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Cardenas, David; Isuiza, Maite; Delgado, Cesar; Ruzo, Andres; Espinoza, Rosa V.
Background: Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are critical pollinators in the Peruvian Amazon, sustaining biodiversity, crop productivity, and indigenous livelihoods. Despite their ecological and economic importance, the effects of deforestation and illegal logging on their populations remain poorly understood. Nesting tree loss, habitat fragmentation, and changes in elevation influence stingless bee distribution, yet conservation efforts remain insufficient due to a lack of spatial data on their vulnerability. Results: This study examines the spatial distribution, elevation trends, and deforestation threats affecting Melipona eburnea and Tetragonisca angustula, with a focus on tree nesting preferences in the Biosphere Reserve Avireri-Vraem. Using literature reviews, field observations, and GPS surveys, we assessed species distribution patterns, deforestation risks, and nesting tree associations. Our findings reveal that over 50% of their habitats overlap with high deforestation risk zones, largely driven by illegal logging of key nesting trees. Elevation analysis indicates species-specific adaptations, with M. eburnea predominantly in lowland regions, while T. angustula is more frequent at higher altitudes. GPS fieldwork identified strong associations with specific host trees, notably Guarea guidonia and Ficus insipida, with larger trees (> 60 cm DBH) serving as critical nesting sites. Several of these, including Aniba gigantiflora and Cedrelinga cateniformis, are among the most ilegally harvested species, intensifying threats to bee populations. Conclusions: Deforestation-driven habitat loss and fragmentation pose an immediate threat to stingless bee populations by reducing nesting availability, limiting pollination networks, and disrupting genetic exchange. Our findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies, including the preservation of key nesting trees, the establishment of biological corridors, and the promotion of sustainable forestry practices. Given the role of stingless bees as keystone pollinators, their protection is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Recognizing stingless bee habitats under a Rights of Nature framework would provide a legal mechanism to safeguard their nesting sites from further exploitation. Furthermore, strengthening community-led conservation efforts in high-risk areas can enhance long-term resilience. This study provides a baseline for future conservation policies, bridging scientific data and indigenous knowledge to protect Amazonian stingless bees and their ecosystems.
Efectos sinérgicos de bioinoculantes microbianos en el desarrollo radicular de variedades de maíz morado (Zea mays L.)
(Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), 2025-06-30) Rondinel Huanaco, Bhill Thoño; Quispe Medina, Eugenia Rocío; Garcia Blásquez Morote, Cayo; Quispe Tenorio, José Antonio; Velásquez Mantari, José; Paitamala Campos, Omar; Díaz Morales, Luis Alberto; Matsusaka Quiliano, Daniel Claudio
El maíz morado (Zea mays L.), originario de los Andes peruanos, destaca por su alto contenido de antocianinas, lo que le otorga un valor nutracéutico creciente en mercados globales. Sin embargo, su cultivo en zonas altoandinas suele depender del uso intensivo de fertilizantes sintéticos, comprometiendo la sostenibilidad del suelo. Este estudio evaluó como la bioinoculación individual y combinada con Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum influyen en caracteres morfofisiológicos radicales en cinco variedades contrastantes de maíz morado, cultivadas en la región de Ayacucho (2735 m s.n.m.). Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro tratamientos de bioinoculación. Se midieron peso seco, longitud, volumen, diámetro y número de ramificaciones radiculares. La coinoculación microbiana generó diferencias altamente significativas (p < 0.0001) en todos los parámetros evaluados respecto al control. En particular, duplicó el volumen radical (28,0 ± 0,41 cm³), triplicó el peso seco (180,29 ± 8,51 g) y mejoró notablemente la longitud (31,81 ± 0,48 cm), el diámetro (128,36 ± 2,3 mm) y el número de ramificaciones (27,28 ± 0,66), superando tanto a las inoculaciones individuales como al control (Tukey, p < 0.05). Los resultados confirman que la coinoculación rizobacteria-micorriza mejora significativamente la arquitectura del sistema radical, potenciando la absorción de nutrientes. Así, la coinoculación representa una estrategia agroecológica eficaz para optimizar el rendimiento del maíz morado y reducir la dependencia de insumos sintéticos en contextos altoandinos.
Native strains T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2 reduce Cd uptake in cacao CCN51 under controlled conditions
(MDPI, 2025-06-17) Malca Cerna, Rozana Yanina; Cortez Lazaro, Anthony Apolinario; Chavez Castillo, Jeremy Israel; Arce Inga, Marielita; Cumpa Velasquez, Liz Marjory
The cacao trade and export industry has been impacted by cadmium (Cd2+) accumulation in soils, as the metal is absorbed by plants and transferred to the tissues. Consequently, cacao beans and their derivatives can become contaminated, sometimes exceeding permissible limits. In this study, the capacity of native Trichoderma strains to reduce Cd accumulation in cacao was evaluated. Twelve Trichoderma strains were analyzed to assess their cadmium removal capacity through in vitro assays and their ability to reduce Cd concentration in cacao plants under controlled in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that several Trichoderma strains could remove cadmium and accumulate it in their biomass. However, this process is complex as it depends on metal concentration and environmental conditions. Notably, T. afroharzianum UCF18-M1 and CP24-6 exhibited high removal efficiencies at 100 ppm (61.79 ± 2.98% and 57.93 ± 4.14%, respectively). In contrast, the in vivo assays revealed that, contrary to expectations, some strains—including those with the highest removal efficiency—stimulated Cd uptake in plants, even at toxic levels, such as T. orientale BLPF1-C1. However, T. longibrachiatum UCF17-M4 and Trichoderma sp. UCPF2-C1 significantly reduced Cd accumulation in the stem. These findings highlight the potential of these strains to mitigate Cd contamination in cacao.
Sustainable rice–fish farming systems: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025-06-12) Fernández Zatrate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel Bustamante, David; Huanca Silva, Leisy; Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Quispe Carhuapoma, Mariela Judith; Oliva Alvarez, Yashira Steffani; Ramirez Antaurco, Maximo Fabricio; Anchayhua Torres, Janella Jelyn; Huaccha Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario Cunya, Alejandro; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Gomez Fernandez, Darwin; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro
The rice–fish farming system is an efficient ecological model with economic, ecological, and social benefits, reduces environmental impacts and optimizes the use of resources. The objective of the research was to explore and analyze scientific publications through a systematic review and meta-analysis related to rice–fish intercropping. A review of publications hosted in the Scopus and PubMed database from January 2000 to April 2025 was conducted. Research articles were selected, excluding review articles, com-mentaries, book chapters, and letters, and only documents published in English were analyzed. The analysis shows that the countries with the highest number of publications were China and Bangladesh, with a proportion of 48% and 24% respectively, followed by Thailand with 10% and Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India with 5% each. The fish species used in rice–fish systems were reported to be Cyprinus carpio (37%), Oreochromis niloticus (29%), Barbonymus gonionotus, Micropterus salmoides and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (8%), Amblypharyngodon mola (5%), and Labeo rohita and Monopterus albus (3%). On average, fish settle in the rice–fish system 27 days after rice planting, with a density of 13,390 fish/ha. Between rice planting and harvesting 132 days pass, obtaining an average yield of 4397 kg of rice/ha and 1383 kg of fish/ha. It is recommended to prioritize integrated research on unstudied fish species, optimal densities, fertilization, culture models, and emerging technologies in rice–fish systems, considering regional variations to improve sustainability, productivity, and food security at a global level.
Assessment of soil characteristics and the productive potential of native Poaceae forage species in the Central Highlands of Peru
(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2025-06-10) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Solórzano Acosta, Richard Andy
Given the increasing pressure on natural grassland ecosystems in the Peruvian high Andes, optimizing the use of native forage species has become essential for understanding the relationship between soil characteristics and the productive potential of these plants. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and the produc tive potential of three native forage species: Festuca dolichophylla, Cinnagrostis vicunarum, and Jarava ichu. The research was conducted in natural grasslands in the district of Yauli, province of Yauli, department of Junin, at approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. During the dry season 2023, soil samples were collected following standardized protocols, and key soil parameters were analyzed. The nutritional characteristics of the forage species were also assessed, including dry matter content, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy. The results revealed significant differences among species. Festuca dolichophylla exhibited the highest protein content (10.7%), superior digestibility (52.5%), and greater metabolizable energy (8.4 MJ∙kg-1), making it the most suitable forage option for livestock in the highland ecosystem over 4000 m.a.s.l., where en vironmental factors constrain agricultural activity. In contrast, Cinnagrostis vicunarum and Jarava ichu showed lower protein levels, with Jarava ichu displaying particularly low digestibility (28.9%) and energy content (4.6 MJ∙kg-1), limiting its productive potential despite its high dry matter yield. These findings provide a strong scien tific foundation for developing sustainable grassland management strategies in the Peruvian Andes, supporting the implementation of agronomic practices that enhance forage productivity while contributing to biodiversity conser vation. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of soil characterization as a key tool for optimizing forage resource utilization in high-altitude farming systems, facilitating informed decision-making in land management and environmental remediation policies.
An emerging Platynota sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the central coast of Peru
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-13) Velasquez Ochoa, Edwin Ricardo; Leiva, Ana María; Gil Ordóñez, Alejandra; Perez Fuentes, Lady Susan; Domínguez, Viviana; Cuellar, Wilmer J.
Blueberry cultivation has recently become a rapidly expanding export industry in Peru. With few to no official records of phytosanitary problems up to date. Nevertheless, as observed in other major blueberry producer countries, pests occurrences have been already reported. This study presents a comprehensive biological and molecular characterization of a novel blueberry pest, identifying it as a member of the Tortricidae family in the genus Platynota. The insect’s average life cycle was determined to be 46.3 days for males and 48.6 days for females, with the larval stage being the longest (25.4 days on average), and the most destructive due to its feeding behavior, which significantly damages buds and fruits. Morphological analysis of the genitalia, along with a comparison of its complete mitochondrial DNA, further supports the conclusion that this pest is a new species. These findings represent the first report of a tortricid pest affecting blueberries in Peru and offer crucial insights for developing effective pest management strategies, contributing to the sustainable growth of blueberry production and exports in the region
Development and phenotypic characterization of a native Theobroma cacao L. germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for ex situ conservation and genetic improvement
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-16) Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Samanamud, Angelo F.; Ramírez , José F.; Cobos, Marianela; Paredes, Cleydi; Castro, Juan C.
Introduction: The ex situ conservation and characterization of native Theobroma cacao L. genetic resources are critical for sustainable cacao production and breeding programs in the face of climate change and escalating disease pressures. This study aimed to establish and characterize a novel germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon, a key center of cacao diversity. Methods: We collected 140 native cacao accessions across 15 river basins in eight provinces of the Loreto region. Accessions were propagated using optimized grafting techniques with IMC 67 rootstock. Phenotypic evaluation was conducted on 402 plants using 36 standardized descriptors (25 quantitative and 11 qualitative). Data analysis included multivariate analysis using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices to assess morphological diversity patterns. Results: Grafting achieved 100% survival rate, establishing a comprehensive germplasm bank. Phenotypic characterization revealed exceptional morphological diversity, with quantitative traits exhibiting substantial variation, particularly in fruit characteristics (CV = 15.82–50.82%) and pod index (CV = 144.82%). Multivariate analysis identified five distinct phenotypic groups, with reproductive traits showing stronger differentiation than vegetative traits. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices highlighted high overall phenotypic diversity (H' ≈ 0.7), with seed longitudinal shape and fruit apex form displaying the highest trait-specific diversity (H' > 1.0). Conclusion: This comprehensive characterization establishes a foundation for future multiomics studies and advanced breeding strategies. The documented diversity offers opportunities to leverage CRISPR-Cas-based editing and omics technologies to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cacao varieties with superior quality traits, contributing significantly to global cacao conservation and improvement programs.
Evaluación del compostaje de alperujo con diferentes concentraciones y el impacto del uso de geomembrana
(Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios Bolivia (CET-Bolivia), 2025-05-01) Cahui Azorza, Francisco Antonio; Lloclla Chirinos, Ashly; Roque Ramirez, Luis Miguel; Valenzuela Antezana, Ricardo Nahuel
El estudio evaluó el compostaje de alperujo, un subproducto de la producción de aceite de oliva, en combinación con rastrojos de poda de olivo y estiércol de ovino, bajo condiciones climáticas de Tacna, Perú, entre marzo y septiembre de 2023. Se formularon tres mezclas de compost y se analizó el impacto del uso de geomembranas en el proceso, el cual tuvo una duración de seis meses. Los resultados indicaron que el pH del compost osciló entre 6.3 y 7.4, un rango óptimo para la disponibilidad de nutrientes. La conductividad eléctrica varió entre 0.71 dS/m y 1.98 dS/m, evidenciando que el uso de geomembranas influyó en la salinidad del compost final. Asimismo, la aplicación de geomembranas favoreció una mayor retención de carbono orgánico y nutrientes esenciales, reduciendo la lixiviación y mejorando la estabilidad del compost. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia del manejo de pH y salinidad en el compostaje, así como el potencial del alperujo como enmienda orgánica para suelos agrícolas. En conclusión, el uso de geomembranas en el compostaje de alperujo representa una estrategia viable para optimizar la calidad del compost y fomentar prácticas agrícolas sostenibles
Effect of liquid swine effluent on the initial growth of forage corn under greenhouse conditions
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2025-05-26) Peña Caurino, M. Y.; Luis Olivas, D. B.; Gambini de la Cruz, Tabita Abigail; Mendoza Nieto, E.; Fardim Christo, B.; Contreras Liza, S.
The use of organic effluents from livestock farming as biofertilizers for agriculture represents a viable solution for the management of swine waste. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of swine liquid effluent on the growth of hybrid corn for forage purposes. A pot experiment was designed to determine the effect of liquid effluent applications of treatments 21 days after planting. The biofertilizer treatments applied to the irrigation water in the pots were 0.00 (control), 9.45, 18.90, 28.35, 37.80 and 47.25 m3 ha-1. Applications of 37.80 and 47.25 m3 ha-1 improved stem diameter, foliage, and total fresh weight. For root fresh weight and root volume, the highest values occurred with applications of 18.90 to 47.25 m3 ha-1. The nutrient content (N, P, K) of corn treated with swine liquid effluent showed an incremental trend in foliage and roots, as well as the absorption of macronutrients due to the effect of the treatments. Liquid swine effluent showed a promising role as an organic fertilizer for the cultivation of maize for forage purposes, promoting higher biomass production and macronutrient uptake.

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