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Ítem Sustainable rice–fish farming systems: a systematic review and meta‐analysis(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025-06-12) Fernández Zatrate, Franklin Hitler; Pérez Delgado, Luis Jhoseph; Coronel Bustamante, David; Huanca Silva, Leisy; Taboada Mitma, Víctor Hugo; Quispe Carhuapoma, Mariela Judith; Oliva Alvarez, Yashira Steffani; Ramirez Antaurco, Maximo Fabricio; Anchayhua Torres, Janella Jelyn; Huaccha Castillo, Annick Estefany; Seminario Cunya, Alejandro; Tineo Flores, Daniel; Gomez Fernandez, Darwin; Goñas Goñas, Malluri; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos AlejandroThe rice–fish farming system is an efficient ecological model with economic, ecological, and social benefits, reduces environmental impacts and optimizes the use of resources. The objective of the research was to explore and analyze scientific publications through a systematic review and meta-analysis related to rice–fish intercropping. A review of publications hosted in the Scopus and PubMed database from January 2000 to April 2025 was conducted. Research articles were selected, excluding review articles, com-mentaries, book chapters, and letters, and only documents published in English were analyzed. The analysis shows that the countries with the highest number of publications were China and Bangladesh, with a proportion of 48% and 24% respectively, followed by Thailand with 10% and Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India with 5% each. The fish species used in rice–fish systems were reported to be Cyprinus carpio (37%), Oreochromis niloticus (29%), Barbonymus gonionotus, Micropterus salmoides and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (8%), Amblypharyngodon mola (5%), and Labeo rohita and Monopterus albus (3%). On average, fish settle in the rice–fish system 27 days after rice planting, with a density of 13,390 fish/ha. Between rice planting and harvesting 132 days pass, obtaining an average yield of 4397 kg of rice/ha and 1383 kg of fish/ha. It is recommended to prioritize integrated research on unstudied fish species, optimal densities, fertilization, culture models, and emerging technologies in rice–fish systems, considering regional variations to improve sustainability, productivity, and food security at a global level.Ítem Assessment of soil characteristics and the productive potential of native Poaceae forage species in the Central Highlands of Peru(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering, 2025-06-10) Arias Arredondo, Alberto; Yalli Huamaní, Teodoro Bill; Cruz Luis, Juancarlos Alejandro; Requena Rojas, Edilson Jimmy; Solórzano Acosta, Richard AndyGiven the increasing pressure on natural grassland ecosystems in the Peruvian high Andes, optimizing the use of native forage species has become essential for understanding the relationship between soil characteristics and the productive potential of these plants. This study evaluated the relationship between soil properties and the produc tive potential of three native forage species: Festuca dolichophylla, Cinnagrostis vicunarum, and Jarava ichu. The research was conducted in natural grasslands in the district of Yauli, province of Yauli, department of Junin, at approximately 4000 m.a.s.l. During the dry season 2023, soil samples were collected following standardized protocols, and key soil parameters were analyzed. The nutritional characteristics of the forage species were also assessed, including dry matter content, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy. The results revealed significant differences among species. Festuca dolichophylla exhibited the highest protein content (10.7%), superior digestibility (52.5%), and greater metabolizable energy (8.4 MJ∙kg-1), making it the most suitable forage option for livestock in the highland ecosystem over 4000 m.a.s.l., where en vironmental factors constrain agricultural activity. In contrast, Cinnagrostis vicunarum and Jarava ichu showed lower protein levels, with Jarava ichu displaying particularly low digestibility (28.9%) and energy content (4.6 MJ∙kg-1), limiting its productive potential despite its high dry matter yield. These findings provide a strong scien tific foundation for developing sustainable grassland management strategies in the Peruvian Andes, supporting the implementation of agronomic practices that enhance forage productivity while contributing to biodiversity conser vation. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of soil characterization as a key tool for optimizing forage resource utilization in high-altitude farming systems, facilitating informed decision-making in land management and environmental remediation policies.Ítem An emerging Platynota sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the central coast of Peru(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-13) Velasquez Ochoa, Edwin Ricardo; Leiva, Ana María; Gil Ordóñez, Alejandra; Perez Fuentes, Lady Susan; Domínguez, Viviana; Cuellar, Wilmer J.Blueberry cultivation has recently become a rapidly expanding export industry in Peru. With few to no official records of phytosanitary problems up to date. Nevertheless, as observed in other major blueberry producer countries, pests occurrences have been already reported. This study presents a comprehensive biological and molecular characterization of a novel blueberry pest, identifying it as a member of the Tortricidae family in the genus Platynota. The insect’s average life cycle was determined to be 46.3 days for males and 48.6 days for females, with the larval stage being the longest (25.4 days on average), and the most destructive due to its feeding behavior, which significantly damages buds and fruits. Morphological analysis of the genitalia, along with a comparison of its complete mitochondrial DNA, further supports the conclusion that this pest is a new species. These findings represent the first report of a tortricid pest affecting blueberries in Peru and offer crucial insights for developing effective pest management strategies, contributing to the sustainable growth of blueberry production and exports in the regionÍtem Development and phenotypic characterization of a native Theobroma cacao L. germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for ex situ conservation and genetic improvement(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025-06-16) Imán Correa, Sixto Alfredo; Samanamud, Angelo F.; Ramírez , José F.; Cobos, Marianela; Paredes, Cleydi; Castro, Juan C.Introduction: The ex situ conservation and characterization of native Theobroma cacao L. genetic resources are critical for sustainable cacao production and breeding programs in the face of climate change and escalating disease pressures. This study aimed to establish and characterize a novel germplasm bank from the Loreto region of the Peruvian Amazon, a key center of cacao diversity. Methods: We collected 140 native cacao accessions across 15 river basins in eight provinces of the Loreto region. Accessions were propagated using optimized grafting techniques with IMC 67 rootstock. Phenotypic evaluation was conducted on 402 plants using 36 standardized descriptors (25 quantitative and 11 qualitative). Data analysis included multivariate analysis using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices to assess morphological diversity patterns. Results: Grafting achieved 100% survival rate, establishing a comprehensive germplasm bank. Phenotypic characterization revealed exceptional morphological diversity, with quantitative traits exhibiting substantial variation, particularly in fruit characteristics (CV = 15.82–50.82%) and pod index (CV = 144.82%). Multivariate analysis identified five distinct phenotypic groups, with reproductive traits showing stronger differentiation than vegetative traits. Shannon-Weaver diversity indices highlighted high overall phenotypic diversity (H' ≈ 0.7), with seed longitudinal shape and fruit apex form displaying the highest trait-specific diversity (H' > 1.0). Conclusion: This comprehensive characterization establishes a foundation for future multiomics studies and advanced breeding strategies. The documented diversity offers opportunities to leverage CRISPR-Cas-based editing and omics technologies to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cacao varieties with superior quality traits, contributing significantly to global cacao conservation and improvement programs.Ítem Evaluación del compostaje de alperujo con diferentes concentraciones y el impacto del uso de geomembrana(Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios Bolivia (CET-Bolivia), 2025-05-01) Cahui Azorza, Francisco Antonio; Lloclla Chirinos, Ashly; Roque Ramirez, Luis Miguel; Valenzuela Antezana, Ricardo NahuelEl estudio evaluó el compostaje de alperujo, un subproducto de la producción de aceite de oliva, en combinación con rastrojos de poda de olivo y estiércol de ovino, bajo condiciones climáticas de Tacna, Perú, entre marzo y septiembre de 2023. Se formularon tres mezclas de compost y se analizó el impacto del uso de geomembranas en el proceso, el cual tuvo una duración de seis meses. Los resultados indicaron que el pH del compost osciló entre 6.3 y 7.4, un rango óptimo para la disponibilidad de nutrientes. La conductividad eléctrica varió entre 0.71 dS/m y 1.98 dS/m, evidenciando que el uso de geomembranas influyó en la salinidad del compost final. Asimismo, la aplicación de geomembranas favoreció una mayor retención de carbono orgánico y nutrientes esenciales, reduciendo la lixiviación y mejorando la estabilidad del compost. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia del manejo de pH y salinidad en el compostaje, así como el potencial del alperujo como enmienda orgánica para suelos agrícolas. En conclusión, el uso de geomembranas en el compostaje de alperujo representa una estrategia viable para optimizar la calidad del compost y fomentar prácticas agrícolas sosteniblesÍtem Effect of liquid swine effluent on the initial growth of forage corn under greenhouse conditions(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2025-05-26) Peña Caurino, M. Y.; Luis Olivas, D. B.; Gambini de la Cruz, Tabita Abigail; Mendoza Nieto, E.; Fardim Christo, B.; Contreras Liza, S.The use of organic effluents from livestock farming as biofertilizers for agriculture represents a viable solution for the management of swine waste. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of swine liquid effluent on the growth of hybrid corn for forage purposes. A pot experiment was designed to determine the effect of liquid effluent applications of treatments 21 days after planting. The biofertilizer treatments applied to the irrigation water in the pots were 0.00 (control), 9.45, 18.90, 28.35, 37.80 and 47.25 m3 ha-1. Applications of 37.80 and 47.25 m3 ha-1 improved stem diameter, foliage, and total fresh weight. For root fresh weight and root volume, the highest values occurred with applications of 18.90 to 47.25 m3 ha-1. The nutrient content (N, P, K) of corn treated with swine liquid effluent showed an incremental trend in foliage and roots, as well as the absorption of macronutrients due to the effect of the treatments. Liquid swine effluent showed a promising role as an organic fertilizer for the cultivation of maize for forage purposes, promoting higher biomass production and macronutrient uptake.Ítem Caracterización agromorfológica y análisis histórico del pallar Moche cultivado en Ica, Perú(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2025-04-24) Gambini de la Cruz, Tabita Abigail; Aymara Meneses, Lucy; Dadther Huaman, Hans; Aybar Pevel, Leandro JoelAntecedentes: El pallar es la segunda especie más representativa del género Phaseolus, siendo los departamentos de Ica y Lambayeque las regiones con mayor concentración de siembra; es así que existe gran interés cultural e histórico en el pallar Moche, cuyos restos se encontraron en cuevas y cerámicas de la cultura Moche, estos pallares se caracterizan por la perfecta dualidad del color blanco y negro de la semilla. Objetivo: Realizar la caracterización agromorfológica a través de 15 descriptores cualitativos y 12 descriptores cuantitativos; y analizar históricamente la importancia del pallar Moche. Metodología: Durante los meses de mayo a diciembre del 2023 se realizó la caracterización agromorfológica en 10 plantas de pallar Moche. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo, promedios, error estándar, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. Para el análisis histórico se realizó una revisión sistemática para comprender la historia y las diversas interpretaciones del color de tegumento del pallar Moche. Resultados: El pallar Moche pertenece al cultigrupo Big Lima con semillas de color blanco y negro, cuyas vainas presentaron 3.50 lóculos y midieron 120.36 mm de longitud y 16.10 mm de ancho; y las semillas alcanzaron una longitud de 24.33 mm y un ancho de 14.46 mm con una masa de 1.22 g; mientras que el número promedio de vainas por planta resultó en 382.22 y la masa promedio de semillas en 1123.43 g; y en el análisis histórico destacó la importancia para la cultura Moche de la combinación del color blanco y negro en el tegumento de las semillas. Implicaciones: La caracterización agromorfológica del pallar Moche es fundamental para la conservación de la biodiversidad y el análisis histórico aporta conocimientos claves que favorecen su revalorización como un cultivo ancestral. Conclusiones: La caracterización agromorfológica del pallar Moche permitió identificar los descriptores cualitativos y cuantitativos, lo que facilitaría su difusión y conservación en el Perú; mientras que el análisis histórico permitió conocer la importancia de la combinación del color blanco y negro del tegumento.Ítem Caracterización agromorfológica y diversidad fenotípica del frijol común de Perú(Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2025-05-16) Aybar Pebe, Leandro Joel; Medina Portilla, Nicanor; Camargo Cobeñas, Marcos Antonio; Chihuan Palomino, Evalyn Analy; Terán Rojas, José AlfonsoAntecedentes. El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es una especie de gran importancia en Perú debido a su alto valor nutricional, por su amplia diversidad y por constituir una fuente importante de los ingresos económicos de miles de familias dedicadas a la producción de este cultivo. Objetivo. Caracterizar la diversidad agromorfológica de 50 accesiones de frijol común de Perú. Metodología. Se evaluaron 21 caracteres cualitativos y 17 cuantitativos mediante análisis descriptivo, correspondencia múltiple, análisis de varianza, prueba de agrupamiento Scott-Knott, componentes principales, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y análisis de agrupamiento jerárquico con distancia euclidiana y método de Ward. Resultados. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple reveló mayor diversidad en los caracteres cualitativos de color predominante de las alas, limbo del estandarte, de vaina en verde, así como la forma predominante de la semilla y color primario de semilla; y en caracteres cuantitativos fueron longitud de hipocótilo, longitud de epicótilo, ancho de vaina, longitud de ápice de vaina, días a la floración, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson mostró correlaciones positivas para longitud y ancho de vaina, longitud y ancho de grano y peso de 100 semillas. El análisis de componentes principales mostró que las dos primeras dimensiones explicaron 47.6 % de la varianza total y se establecieron cinco grupos jerárquicos. Implicaciones. Describir la diversidad agromorfológica de frijol común coadyuva en el conocimiento de esta especie en Perú para establecer mecanismos para su preservación. Conclusiones. La diversidad de frijol de Perú es notable y se explica a través por la variabilidad de caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos e influida principalmente por su origen geográfico, destacando la accesión PER013004 por su productividad y precocidad en la floración.Ítem Sostenibilidad de la producción de maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) con semilla certificada en el Bajo Piura, Perú(REDILAT, 2025-05-29) Rodríguez Valdez, Diana Elizabeth; Navarro Angeles, Oscar Fernando; Diez Matallana, Ramón Alberto; Gómez Oscorima, Raquel MargotEl maíz amarillo duro es el principal cultivo de los agricultores del Valle del Bajo Piura, por ello el objetivo fue determinar la mejora en sostenibilidad a través del cálculo de las variaciones en los beneficios económicos empleando el Modelo de Presupuesto Parcial), sociales con el Modelo de Cambio de Excedentes y ambientales aplicando el Modelo de Cam bio en el Cociente de Impacto Ambiental, derivados de la siembra de semilla certificada de maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) en este valle. Se encuestó a 70 productores de maíz amarillo duro para obtener datos de producción y costos. Se obtuvo un Índice de Beneficio Costo Marginal de 1.17, con 80.2% de escenarios positivos. Los consumidores incrementan excedentes en 45.8 millones de soles, los productores en 89.5 millones y el excedente social crece en 135 millones. Para el Perú, la inversión en generación y transferencia de una semilla certificada de maíz amarillo duro de alto rendimiento es rentable, pues el VAN asciende a 128 millones de soles, en un 95% de escenarios positivos, con una TIR de 103%. El Cociente de Impacto Ambiental (EIQ=Environmental lmpact Quotient) se reduciría en 73.6% al usar semilla certificada en la producción de maíz amarillo duro en el Valle del Bajo Piura, por el menor uso de pesticidas.Ítem Uso de bacterias ácido lácticas en el tratamiento de pre-germinación para comprobar la dormición de semillas de espárrago(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2025-02-17) Dávila Rivera, Esteffany; Chávez Cabrera, Alexander; Figueroa Serrudo, Cecilia Emperatriz; Vargas Gutiérrez, Kryss Aracely; Velásquez Leveaú, Fabian CamiloEl espárrago (Asparagus officinalis L.) es una planta de importancia económica y nutricional, especialmente en Perú. Las semillas de espárrago presentan una capa exterior dura que retrasa su germinación. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si existe dormancia en semillas de espárrago del híbrido UC-157 F2 y revisar la potencialidad de cuatro pretratamientos de germinación para superar una posible dormancia. Los tratamientos fueron bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL), ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), nitrato de potasio, (KNO3), ácido giberélico (AG3) y un testigo (sin tratamiento). El mayor porcentaje de germinación (80%) y mayor uniformidad en crecimiento de plántulas se registró en semillas tratadas con BAL (sin significancia con el testigo) y KNO3, y el menor con H2SO4. Se observaron raíces atrofiadas y plántulas menos desarrolladas con AG3 y KNO3. No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para semillas no germinadas (frescas, duras y muertas). El porcentaje promedio de viabilidad mediante Tetrazolio fue 79%. Las semillas del cultivar en estudio no poseen dormancia porque la germinación obtenida con el mejor pre tratamiento (BAL) no difiere de la obtenida con el testigo. En el futuro los productos comerciales basados en BAL podrían sustituir a los fungicidas químicos pues favorecen la germinación sin provocar efectos negativos en las semillas.Ítem Intermittent Rainfed Rice var. INIA 516 LM1: A Sustainable Alternative for the Huallaga River Basin(MDPI, 2025-04-23) Flores Marquez, Ricardo; Siqueira Bahia, Rita de Cássia; Arévalo Aranda, Yuri Gandhi; Torres Chávez, Edson Esmith; Guevara, Jonathan; Antezana, Abner; Carranza, Antoni; Lao, Ceila; Solórzano Acosta, Richard AndiClimate change is projected to increase global temperatures and alter rainfall patterns. In Peru, these changes could adversely affect the central basin of the Huallaga River by increasing pest and disease incidence, evapotranspiration, and water consumption. This basin is one of the country’s main rice-producing regions, where the crop is traditionally cultivated using inefficient practices, such as continuous flood irrigation. This study evaluated the effects of different irrigation management strategies on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23), the water footprint as an indicator of water use efficiency, and the incidence of pests and diseases associated with irrigation regimes. Three irrigation treatments were implemented: Traditional flooding T1 (maintenance of a 0.15 m water layer with replenishment every 4 days), Optimized flooding T2 (replenishment every 7 days), and Intermittent rainfed irrigation T3 (replenishment every 14 days). Although no significant differences were observed in biometric parameters, yield, or pest and disease incidence, a trend of decreasing yield with longer irrigation intervals was noted: traditional flooding (7.91 t・ha−1) > reduced flooding (7.82 t・ha−1) > intermittent rainfed (7.14 t・ha−1). The incidence of white leaf virus and Burkholderia glumae was highest in the intermittent rainfed treatment, followed by optimized flooding, with the lowest incidence in traditional flooding. Yield reduction and the use of rainwater to cover water requirements resulted in a lower total water footprint for traditional flooding (834.0 m3・t−1), followed by optimized flooding (843.6 m3・t−1) and intermittent rainfed (923.9 m3・t−1). This reflects an improvement in rainwater use efficiency. The findings suggest intermittent rainfed irrigation enhanceswater use efficiency without significantly compromising rice yield or increasing disease incidence in rice var. INIA 516 LM1-La Union 23 in the central basin of the Huallaga River.Ítem Trigona Jurine, 1807 Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Pests of Physic Nut (Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha curcas) in Peru(Sociedad Venezolana de Entomología, 2009-04) Rasmussen, Claus; Orihuela Pasquel, Patricia del Carmen; Sánchez Bocanegra, Víctor HugoTrigona amalthea and T. truculenta collect plant fibers by stripping pieces of bark (average size 3x11 mm) of branches and twigs of the physic nut in San Martín, Peru. They also, as does T. fuscipennis, chew and destroy the ribs in the palmate-veined leaves and the petiole. From the leaves they were observed to gather both plant fibers and resins. Most of the Trigona species damaging crops belong to a monophyletic group of bees that builds exposed nests, thus requiring both fibers and resin for construction and maintenance of their colony. The control of the damage is best achieved by locating and removing the nest.Ítem Efecto de la altitud en la calidad del café (Coffea arabica L.): Comparación entre secado mecánico y tradicional(Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2019-12-26) Guevara Sánchez, Maricely; Bernales del Águila, Carlos Iván; Saavedra Ramírez, Jorge; Owaki López, Johnny JaksonEl café es una de las bebidas de mayor consumo en el mundo entero. El proceso de secado para el almacenamiento de los granos café es determinante para las características físicas y sensoriales del producto final. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos tipos de secado (mecánico y tradicional) en cinco altitudes sobre la calidad del café. La investigación se realizó en el valle del Alto Mayo, región San Martín, Perú. Se seleccionaron cinco fincas a diferentes altitudes (873, 1079, 1248, 1348, 1430 m.s.n.m.). El prototipo utilizado funciona mediante un sistema de túneles de calor térmico, construido con un micas solares y calaminas. Fueron extraídas 150 muestras de 1kg cada una. Las variables evaluadas fueron las características físicas y organolépticas del grano seco y el número de días de secado. Los resultados mostraron que no existieron diferencias significativas para ningún parámetro evaluado entre las altitudes seleccionadas. No obstante, existieron diferencias significativas para los parámetros de humedad y grano de primera categoría donde el secado mecánico fue superior. También, para el caso de la calidad organoléptica, el secado mecánico se presentó como mejor opción, indicando que su uso puede optimizar la calidad organoléptica del café.Ítem Influence of reproductive season and testicular volume on seminal parameters of alpacas (Vicugna pacos)(Springer Nature, 2025-05-22) Contreras Huamani, Mijail; Guillen Palomino, Crissthel Yverlin; Orellana Berrocal, Harumi Rebeca; Laines Arcce, Irwin Mitchell; Bellido Quispe, Dionet Keny; Acuña Leiva, Alex Yony; Silva Chaves, Maiana; de Figueirêdo Freitas, Vicente JoséThe male alpaca plays an important role in the reproductive process and, consequently, in genetic improvement. South American camelids (SACs) have a well-defined reproductive season, particularly in the Andean region. The objective was to evaluate the influence of reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, as well as testicular volume, on seminal parameters in alpacas. Nine healthy male alpacas, over 4 years old, were selected for this experiment. Semen samples were taken every two days using an artificial vagina incorporated into a dummy. The collected were in the reproductive (November to April) and non-reproductive (May to October) seasons, from breeders with testicular volumes that range between 63–70 cm3 and 83–94 cm3. The total number of ejaculates collected was 72 per season, with 8 samples collected from each male. Macroscopic aspects such as color, volume (ml), thread formation (cm) and foam (cm) were evaluated, in addition to microscopic aspects such as sperm motility (%), viability (%) concentration (sperm/ml) and total number of sperm. The results were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney non-parametric test, using the R 3.4.3 software, considering P < 0.05 as the significance level. A decrease in thread formation was observed in semen collected during the reproductive season compared to the non-reproductive season (P < 0.05). On the other hand, sperm motility and viability in semen collected during the reproductive period was higher (p < 0.05). Regarding testicular volume, alpacas with larger testicular volume had greater ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total number of sperm (p < 0.05). Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the semen of alpaca breeders is influenced by the season, and that testicular volume can predict their reproductive capacity, being a parameter to be considered when selecting the best breeding male.Ítem Integración de VANT-LiDAR con imágenes multiespectrales para la estimación del carbono almacenado en plantaciones forestales de Prosopis sp.(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Facultad de Ciencia Agropecuarias, 2025-05-05) Chumbimune Vivanco, Sheyla Yanet; León Dextre, Hairo Alexander; Llanos Carrillo, Cristina Sofía; Millan Ramírez, José Edwin; Vilca Gamarra, Cesar Francisco; Vera Diaz, Elvis; Agurto Piñarreta, Alex Iván; Baselly Villanueva, Juan Rodrigo; Cruz Grimaldo, Camila LeandraLos individuos del género Prosopis sp. conocidos como algarrobos; son especies claves en el desarrollo del bosque seco y recuperación de áreas degradadas en la Costa norte del Perú. La evaluación de plantaciones, cálculo de la biomasa aérea forestal (BAF) y carbono almacenado representa un papel importante en el manejo forestal y mitigación del cambio climático. Este estudio evalúa metodologías de monitoreo a través del uso de imágenes multiespectrales y LiDAR acopladas a un VANT, con la finalidad de realizar su validación y generar modelos que permitan estimar el carbono almacenado. Se evaluaron siete especies de Prosopis sp. con la metodología convencional y se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las especies para las características dasométricas e índices de vegetación, así como en la comparación con los datos obtenidos con el LiDAR. Se seleccionaron modelos para determinar BAF y la asociación entre el carbono aéreo obtenido con los modelos constituidos por datos de LiDAR e índices de vegetación que presentaron correlaciones significativas (p < 0,05), se construyeron siete modelos para predicción de carbono y destaca el modelo que tiene como variables regresoras la altura total y área de copa obtenidas del LiDAR, así como los índices CIgreen, GNDVI, RECI, LCI y NDVI (R² = 0,77). Lo cual confirma que el uso de la metodología LiDAR con los índices de vegetación permite una estimación más práctica del carbono almacenado en la plantación.Ítem Goat producers’ perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the tropical dry forest of Northern Peru(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2024-12-20) Temoche Socola, Víctor Alexander; Barrantes, Christian; Godoy, DavidClimate change affects countries worldwide, challenging economies and livelihoods. It negatively impacts food production due to temperature variability, irregular precipitation, frost, and drought, increasing pressure on agrosilvopastoral resources and reducing agricultural and livestock productivity. In Peru, the tropical dry forest, an ecosystem highly vulnerable to climate change, supports traditional goat farming, a primary livelihood for many, with a population of approximately 256,860 goats in Piura. This ecosystem is particularly sensitive to temperature and precipitation changes, which directly affect forage availability and livestock productivity. This study aimed to determine goat producers' perceptions and adaptation strategies to climate change in Marcavelica, Lancones, and La Brea. Data from 130 goat producers were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics (principal component analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, and cluster analysis). Results showed that goat farming occurs predominantly in extensive systems (84.62%). Most producers (56.9%) acknowledged climate change, perceiving changes in temperature (69.9%), precipitation patterns (100%), soil productivity (79.2%), and water availability (50%). Four producer clusters were identified based on adaptive capacity: excellent (6.16%), good (23.08%), regular (75.38%), and poor (24.62%). Producers with higher education, associativity, and training demonstrated better knowledge and adaptive capacity. Climate change is evident in the dry forest ecosystem, negatively affecting goat farming. These findings underscore the importance of education, technical support, and associativity to enhance producers' resilience and sustain livestock production under climate variability.Ítem Genetic diversity and population structure of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Peru: A microsatellite analysis(MDPI, 2025-05-16) Peralta, Wilber; Nestares Palomino, Agustin; Gamarra Reyes, Julyssa del Pilar; Rojas, Miler; Sullca, Juan; Estrada Cañari, RichardThis study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of Vicugna pacos (Huacaya alpacas) from two contrasting breeding contexts in Junin, Peru: the genetically managed herd of INIA’s Santa Ana Experimental Station (Suitucancha) and the community-based herd of Huayre, where natural, unregulated mating practices are common. An external reference population from Quimsachata was also included. Genetic diversity parameters revealed high allelic richness and heterozygosity within all populations. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), Bayesian clustering, and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated moderate genetic differentiation between Suitucancha and Huayre, likely influenced by the use of selected males under controlled mating in Suitucancha versus natural, unregulated group mating in Huayre, which facilitates broader gene flow. The Quimsachata group displayed distinct genetic characteristics, likely reflecting limited gene flow due to its role as a germplasm conservation nucleus under closed reproductive management. These results reflect how differences in reproductive management may influence population structure in alpacas.Ítem An approach to the impact of weather variables on the growth of Polylepis species in the central Andes of Peru(University of Forestry, 2025-01-10) Ortega Quispe, Kevin Abner; Cordova Torres, Betty; Molina Damas, Meliza; Oscanoa Ramos, Judith; Enriquez Pinedo, Lucía Carolina; Flores Torres, Itala; Ccopi Trucios, DennisThe Polylepis genus, endemic to the South American Andes, faces significant threats due to environmental variations, which jeopardize its growth and survival. This situation underscores the urgent need to develop conservation strategies. The present research assesses the influence of meteorological variables, such as temperature and humidity, on the growth and adaptation of various Polylepis species in the central Peruvian Andes, aiming to optimize reforestation and sustainable management practices. The study was conducted in experimental plots at the Santa Ana Agricultural Station in Junín, Peru, where Polylepis saplings, obtained from different localities, were planted. Over two years, phenotypic variables (height and diameter) and meteorological variables (precipitation, humidity, temperature, and wind speed) were monitored to evaluate the relationship between environmental conditions and plant development. The results showed that high humidity negatively affected all species, however wind speed appears to promote plant growth by creating an ideal microclimate that reduces soil moisture. Precipitation and maximum temperature had limited impact, indicating relative resilience to these factors. It should be noted that the species from Huancavelica and Yauyos have been adapting better to local conditions compared to those from Cerro de Pasco, which are more sensitive to humidity. These findings highlight the importance of considering wind speed and humidity in reforestation planning to improve the adaptability of Polylepis species. We conclude that humidity is the most decisive meteorological factor for the growth of Polylepis under specific conditions, emphasizing its relevance in planning conservation and reforestation strategies in the Peruvian Andes.Ítem Current Production and Potential of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Peru(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2006-08-18) Mujica Sánchez, Ángel; Marca Vilca, Saturnino; Jacobsen, Sven ErikA traditional crop of the Andes, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.), has generated increased interest among farmers, agroindustries, and national and international research institutions in Peru, due to its nutritive value and ability to adapt to a wide range of agroecological conditions. Quinoa is produced mainly by small-scale farmers, who use traditional production, processing, storage, and distribution systems. These systems generate relatively low yields, varying across different locations and years. Peru's National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) oversees all quinoa research, technology transfer, and seed production through its national program for Andean crops. The goals of INIA are to increase production and productivity, while maintaining environmental safety and increasing food security. Demand for quinoa has during recent years increased considerably, both nationally and internationally.Ítem Planted tree fallows for improving land productivity in the humid tropics of Peru(Elsevier, 2005-05-10) Alegre, Julio C.; Rao, Meka R.; Arevalo, Luis A.; Guzman, Wagner; Faminow, Merle D.The increased population pressure in the Peruvian Amazon has reduced the fallow periods from 10–15 to 3–5 years in recent years, leading to rapid soil degradation, low crop yields and greater deforestation. Short-duration planted tree fallows have been considered as a solution to overcome the problems of the traditional land use system and increase crop production and income. An experiment was conducted at Yurimaguas evaluating planted tree fallows of inga (Inga edulis) and colubrina (Colubrina glandulosa), with and without centrosema (Centrosema macrocarpum) cover, compared with the traditional bush fallow and herbaceous centrosema cover crop in terms of weed suppression, their ability to increase subsequent crop production and overall economic benefits. The fallow vegetation was cleared and burnt after 3 years of growth for cropping. Maize, cowpea, and rice were grown in the three subsequent seasons. The planted trees grew faster and accumulated more biomass than those in natural fallow. Centrosema as a pure cover crop as well as an understorey between trees effectively suppressed weeds. The tree fallows with or without centrosema did not increase crop yields compared with natural fallow and resulted in significantly lower yields in the third post-fallow season. Only pure centrosema significantly increased maize yields in the first season after its harvest compared with natural fallow. Utilizing very conservative price and production parameters for the improved fallow systems, the inga and inga+centrosema systems had the highest net present values (NPV) of USD 509 and 392 ha⁻¹, respectively. However, natural fallow had the highest benefit/cost ratio of 1.5, due to its lower costs relative to the more intensive fallow systems. All other fallows had lower benefit/cost ratios. Using the sensitivity analysis of NPV and returns to labor under more optimistic conditions in a graduated manner, the NPV for the two systems with colubrina (poles) increased to USD 1421 and 1782, with higher labor returns. Planted fallows with economically valuable trees such as inga and colubrina have the potential to raise farmers’ income and alleviate degradation of natural resources in the humid tropics of Peru, but they require more extensive testing under a range of biophysical and socio-economic conditions.